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There are only very few chemical classes of antibiotics in medical use, and these have originated over a span of more than 60 years of research. Almost half a century ago, the first member of the macrolides, erythromycin, was introduced as a treatment option for bacterial infections. Erythromycin is a very complex fermentation product obtained from the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora ery thraea (originally named Streptomyces erythreus). The success of erythromycin, based on its efficacy and tolerability, stimulated researchers throughout the world to undertake intense efforts to understand the biology and chemistry of macrolides and to use this experience to improve the properties of this c...
This book is about one of the most controversial dilemmas of contract law: whether or not the unexpected change of circumstances due to the effects of financial crises may under certain conditions be taken into account. Growing interconnectedness of global economies facilitates the spread of the effects of the financial crises. Financial crises cause severe difficulties for persons to fulfill their contractual obligations. During the financial crises, performance of contractual obligations may become excessively onerous or may cause an excessive loss for one of the contracting parties and consequently destroy the contractual equilibrium and legitimate the governmental interventions. Uncomfor...
Welchen Weg sollen Lehrende einschlagen, damit Lernende eine gute mündliche Kompetenz entwickeln können? Eine internationale Autor:innenschaft gibt in diesem Band praxisorientierte Antworten für die schulische Sekundar- und Primarstufe sowie die Erwachsenenbildung. Die fachdidaktischen Ansätze in den Beiträgen bauen auf im Feld erforschtem Wissen auf und stellen überwiegend empirische Forschungsprojekte vor. Auf Basis der Datengrundlagen werden konkrete Vorschläge für eine praktische Umsetzung entwickelt. Quel chemin les enseignant.e.s doivent-ils.elles emprunter pour que les apprenant.e.s développent de bonnes compétences orales? Ce volume tente de répondre à cette question à travers une série de contributions, issues d'un groupe international d'auteur.e.s. Les approches didactiques émanent en grande partie de recherches sur le terrain et présentent majoritairement des projets empiriques. Sur la base de ces données, des idées concrètes de mise en oeuvre sont proposées, orientées vers la pratique tant dans l'enseignement secondaire que primaire ainsi que dans la formation pour adultes.
This book provides a forum for theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to research on language(s), multimodality and public space, which will advance new ways of understanding the sociocultural, ideological and historical role of communication practices and experienced lives in a globalised world. Linguistic Landscape is viewed as a metaphor and expanded to include a wide variety of discursive modalities: imagery, non-verbal communication, silence, tactile and aural communication, graffiti, smell, etc. The chapters in this book cover a range of geographical locations, and capture the history, motives, uses, causes, ideologies, communication practices and conflicts of diverse forms of languages as they may be observed in public spaces of the physical environment. The book is anchored in a variety of theories, methodologies and frameworks, from economics, politics and sociology to linguistics and applied linguistics, literacy and education, cultural geography and human rights.
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