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Military intelligence, grossly neglected during the interwar period, had by mid-1942 proved itself indispensable through information gathered from intercepted radio messages in the supposedly unbreakable German Enigma cipher. Ralph Bennett, who worked for four years at Bletchley Park as a senior producer of the intelligence (Ultra') derived from the Enigma decrypts, illustrates in this collection of reprinted essays some of the steps by which he and others developed the new type of information and in the process a candid glimpse of the workings of British intelligence both past and present.
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Military intelligence, grossly neglected in the interwar period, had by mid-1942 proved itself an indispensable instrument of war through the exploitation of radio intelligence derived from decrypts ('Ultra') of the supposedly unbreakable German Enigma cipher. Ralph Bennett, who worked for four years as a senior producer of Ultra at Bletchley Park, illustrates in this collection some of the steps by which he and others developed a new type of history from an archive they had themselves created. This new history, based on practical utility being the primary concern of intelligence, spurned the concept of 'must have been' and rigidly separated supposition from securely ascertained fact. In further essays he goes on to tackle subjects as disparate as the battle of Crete (1941) and the integration of decrypt intelligence with that from double-cross agents. At the end of his fascinating account, he concludes that his wartime experiences have left him with an enhanced regard for strict logical proof - the sine qua non of military intelligence - and with the conviction that historians should shun the speculation which mars so much 'ordinary' history.
Ralph Bennett, who spent his war years decoding German signals at Bletchley Park, here reconstructs what really happened behind the scenes in the campaign for Europe's liberation.
Reprinted essays by the former Bletchley employee covering 'Ultra' and the development of World War II studies
In this provocative account, Maureen Miller challenges traditional explanations of the process that changed the nature of religious institutions—and religious life itself—in the diocese of Verona during the early and central Middle Ages. Building on substantial archival research, she shows how demographic expansion, economic development, and political change helped transform religious ideals and ecclesiastical institutions into a recognizably "medieval" church.
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Most histories of the U.S. Army in World War II view the Mediterranean Theater of Operations primarily as a deadly training ground for very green forces, where lessons learned on the beaches of Oran, in the hills of the Kasserine Pass area, and at the collapse of the Tunis bridgehead all contributed to later success in Western Europe. Steven Barry, however, contends that victory in the MTO would not have materialized without the leadership of battalion-level commanders. They operated at a high level, despite the lack of combat experience for themselves and their troops, ineffective leadership at higher levels, and deficiencies in equipment, organization, and mobilization. Barry portrays thes...
"Claiming the Call to Preach traces the history of call through the nineteenth century, at a time when the question of women's call to preach, although seemingly fixed by ecclesial authority and cultural convention, was being raised by courageous women in different settings, through different genres, and to different effect. This book recovers the neglected narrative of women's call to preach through the historical accounts and rhetorical witness of four ground-breaking women preachers: Jarena Lee, Frances Willard, Louisa Woosley, and Florence Spearing Randolph. Scholarship has been written on women who have preached in history, but not on how they managed to claim their call to preach despi...