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Scrutinizing a relatively new field of study, the Handbook of Political Party Funding assesses the basic assumptions underlying the research, presenting an unequalled variety of case studies from diverse political finance systems.
Por que você está diante de um MANUAL COMPLETO DE RACIOCÍNIO LÓGICO E MATEMÁTICA para Concursos? Porque este MANUAL não se limita a trazer a TEORIA acerca do que é cobrado nos concursos públicos. Ele vai além e traz, também, número expressivo de QUESTÕES COMENTADAS, assuntos atuais e escrita de fácil entendimento. Quanto aos TEMAS ABORDADOS, foram selecionados aqueles de maior relevância e incidência em provas de concurso de todo o país, visando uma preparação mais objetiva do concursando. É importante salientar que nem todo tema será abordado de forma profunda, uma vez que frequentemente é requisitado um conhecimento geral sobre a Informática. Quanto às QUESTÕES COME...
This book is a sweeping reexamination of the evolution of the state, covering the indigenous orders of pre-Columbian America, the Spanish, Portuguese, and British Empires in the Americas, and their major successor states of Mexico, Brazil, and the United States. Exploring the mechanisms of colonial order construction and the way in which that process prepared the ground for the emergence of national empires after independence, Niaz contends that the destruction of indigenous demography and culture was so complete that the societies and states of the New World are colonial in their basic fabric, thereby diverging from the Asian and African experience of European colonial rule. Independence fr...
O constituinte derivado possibilitou o uso de parte dos depósitos judiciais e administrativos para o pagamento de precatórios. Ele assim o fez por entender que a medida viabilizaria a satisfação e a diminuição da dívida pública. Não obstante, ela gerou diversos questionamentos, dando ensejo à propositura da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n.o 5.679 no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Na ação, o Procurador-Geral da República alegou que a medida tenderia a abolir normas protegidas por cláusulas pétreas (CRFB, art. 60, § 4o, III e IV): o direito fundamental à propriedade (CRFB, art. 5o, caput, e XXII; art. 170, II), o direito fundamental ao acesso à justiça (CRFB, art. 5o, XXXV), o princípio do devido processo legal (CRFB, art. LIV), o direito fundamental à razoável duração do processo (CRFB, art. 5o, LXXVII) e o princípio da separação dos poderes (CRFB, art. 2o). Este livro analisa tais alegações do Procurador-Geral da República. Por fim, aponta que o Supremo acertou ao julgar a ação improcedente.
Sixteen artists from 9 countries created works of art inspired by ecology and the environment that were specifically developed for the exhibition, in dialogue with the MAMBO curatorial team. Most of the artistic projects were specially commissioned for the 32nd São Paulo Biennial. "Incerteza viva is a collective process that began in early 2015 and brings together teachers, students, artists, activists, educators, scientists and thinkers in Brazil, Colombia and other places." --Page [1].
The impact of real exchange rate movements on GDP growth is a hotly debated issue both in policy and academic circles. In this paper, we provide evidence suggesting that the association between exchange rate misalignment and growth for a broad panel of countries is very weak. Controlling for country fixed effects, time effects and initial GDP, a more depreciated currency is associated with higher growth if one does not exclude outliers. However, this positive association always vanishes after controling for the savings rate. Importantly, this applies for both a large panel of countries and for the emerging economies subsample.
This groundbreaking work is the first volume in English to examine Brazil's historic policy reforms of the 1990s and the political, economic, and social results. For years the large and ineffective government of Brazil could neither improve the country's greatly uneven distribution of wealth nor maintain inflation at reasonable levels. In the 1990s, long overdue changes bettered the government's fiscal performance, tamed inflation, and addressed chronic social ills stemming from the imbalance of wealth. But many problems, and many questions, remain. Why is Brazil still so poor, and why is inequality so intransigent? Were some of the reforms counterproductive, or could they have been implemented in a more effective way? Collecting essays by top Brazilianist scholars from various disciplines and intellectual traditions, Reforming Brazil provides new insights for international policy makers, economists, and scholars of Brazil.
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Sp...
Cash transfers are a key component of social protection policy in many developing countries. Yet many policymakers are concerned that continued receipt of such transfers may have unintended consequences, such as a reduction in labor supply when household income rises. We study this question by evaluating the impact of Pakistan’s Benazir Income Support Program(BISP), a cash transfer program targeted to poor, married women,on male and female labor supply. The BISP was implemented via a mechanism that reliedon a poverty score cutoff to determine eligibility, allowing for the identification of causal impacts using regression discontinuity. We find no impacts on household labor supply in the aggregate. When we break up estimates by gender, we find littleevidence of a changein female labor supply, strongevidence of increased male labor supply, and no evidence of changes to child labor. Hence, policy makers should not be concerned that BISP transfers negatively affect labor supply among recipients.