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For the Balinese, the whole of nature is a perpetual resource: through centuries of carefully directed labor, the engineered landscape of the island's rice terraces has taken shape. According to Stephen Lansing, the need for effective cooperation in water management links thousands of farmers together in hierarchies of productive relationships that span entire watersheds. Lansing describes the network of water temples that once managed the flow of irrigation water in the name of the Goddess of the Crater Lake. Using the techniques of ecological simulation modeling as well as cultural and historical analysis, Lansing argues that the symbolic system of temple rituals is not merely a reflection of utilitarian constraints but also a basic ingredient in the organization of production.
This volume examines some of the major factors—social, demographic, and environmental—that account for the success of communal irrigation in Ilocos Norte and, by implication, its absence in adjacent areas, other parts of the Philippines, and, more widely, in other parts of insular Southeast Asia. However, whether this explanation accounts for all the factors involved, or even adequately weighs those that are here discussed, is secondary to the main concern of this volume: corporate groups. What zanjeras [irrigation societies] show are repeated examples of how individual farmers, working in concert, developed and employed corporate principles to the solution of a common goal or problem. It is a kind of “solution” that has been widely and effectively employed in much of human history.
A fascinating and informative look at the lifeline of Thailand.
Includes lists of members of the Society.