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Civil Islam tells the story of Islam and democratization in Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim nation. Challenging stereotypes of Islam as antagonistic to democracy, this study of courage and reformation in the face of state terror suggests possibilities for democracy in the Muslim world and beyond. Democratic in the early 1950s and with rich precedents for tolerance and civility, Indonesia succumbed to violence. In 1965, Muslim parties were drawn into the slaughter of half a million communists. In the aftermath of this bloodshed, a "New Order" regime came to power, suppressing democratic forces and instituting dictatorial controls that held for decades. Yet from this maelstrom of violenc...
An illuminating account of cultural resilience in Java Five centuries after the fall of its last Hindu Buddhist kingdom, Java retains only one small population that preserves a non-Islamic priestly tradition descended from early Hindu clergy. Known as the Tengger, these mountain Javanese lack the courts, castes, and religious scholars that transmit Hindu tradition in nearby Bali, the only other area in Indonesia to have kept a Hindu faith. What explains the cultural resilience of the Tengger? Robert Hefner blends historical and ethnographic research to explain the enduring strength of a religion in the face of a revitalized Indonesian Islam. He provides insight into Java’s earlier Hindu traditions and the process of Islamization that swept them aside and shows how the Tengger example speaks not only to cultural change in a corner of Java but to the dissolution of traditional religions amid the advance of world faiths. Exploring how meaning is derived from public symbolism, Hindu Javanese emphasizes the centrality of tacit knowledge in religious practice and the role of history and community in continually shaping and renewing spiritual experience.
One of the most important developments in Muslim politics in recent years has been the spread of movements calling for the implementation of Shari'a or Islamic law. Shari'a Politics maps the ideals and organization of these movements and examines their implications for the future of democracy, citizen rights, and gender relations in the Muslim world. These studies of eight Muslim-majority societies, and state-of-the-field reflections by leading experts, provide the first comparative investigation of movements for and against implementation of Shari'a. These essays reveal that the Muslim public's interest in Shari'a does not spring from an unchanging devotion to received religious tradition, but from an effort to respond to the central political and ethical questions of the day. -- Publisher description.
When students from a Muslim boarding school were convicted for the 2002 terrorist bombings in Bali, Islamic schools in Southeast Asia became the focus of intense international scrutiny. Some analysts have warned that these schools are being turned into platforms for violent jihadism. Making Modern Muslims is the first book to look comparatively at Islamic education and politics in Southeast Asia. Based on a two-year research project by leading scholars of Southeast Asian Islam, the book examines Islamic schooling in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, and the southern Philippines. The studies demonstrate that the great majority of schools have nothing to do with violence but are undergo...
Since the Taliban seized Kabul in 1996, the public has grappled with the relationship between Islamic education and radical Islam. Media reports tend to paint madrasas--religious schools dedicated to Islamic learning--as medieval institutions opposed to all that is Western and as breeding grounds for terrorists. Others have claimed that without reforms, Islam and the West are doomed to a clash of civilizations. Robert Hefner and Muhammad Qasim Zaman bring together eleven internationally renowned scholars to examine the varieties of modern Muslim education and their implications for national and global politics. The contributors provide new insights into Muslim culture and politics in countri...
THROUGH AN OPEN DOOR reproduces in full color 54 paintings from the single most important group of contemporary Chinese oil paintings from the post-Cultural Revolution period. Through photographs, and in their own words, we come to understand more about Chinese artists and how they view their past and present in their rapidly changing society. 93 full-color and 35 bandw images.
The crisis of multiculturalism in the West and the failure of the Arab uprisings in the Middle East have pushed the question of how to live peacefully within a diverse society to the forefront of global discussion. Against this backdrop, Indonesia has taken on a particular importance: with a population of 265 million people (87.7 percent of whom are Muslim), Indonesia is both the largest Muslim-majority country in the world and the third-largest democracy. In light of its return to electoral democracy from the authoritarianism of the former New Order regime, some analysts have argued that Indonesia offers clear proof of the compatibility of Islam and democracy. Skeptics argue, however, that ...
Few challenges to the modern dream of democratic citizenship appear greater than the presence of severe ethnic, religious, and linguistic divisions in society. With their diverse religions and ethnic communities, the Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia have grappled with this problem since achieving independence after World War II. Each country has on occasion been torn by violence over the proper terms for accommodating pluralism. Until the Asian economic crisis of 1997, however, these nations also enjoyed one of the most sustained economic expansions the non-Western world has ever seen. This timely volume brings together fifteen leading specialists of the region...
Twelve essays examine the social origins of civil-democratic Islam, its long term prospects, implications for the West, & its lessons for our understanding of religion & politics in modern times.
Preliminary Material -- 1 Imperious Metropolitan Knowledge -- 2 Stars of the Southern Heavens -- 3 Islands of Earthly Wonders -- 4 Knowledge Radiant and Resplendent -- 5 Tenebrous Colonial Visions -- Index.