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Does the field of evolution differ from other sciences? The author, a reviewer for a major medical journal, scrutinized hundreds of scientific references in evolutionary literature, adopting the same standards used for studies submitted for medical publication. The data show that there are two types of evolution, microevolution and macroevolution, with a clear boundary between them based upon the presence and absence of empirical evidence, respectively. The surprising results show that there is a universal disconnect between the data and the conclusions that claim to show the larger changes of macroevolution. The author reveals patterns of deviations from standard scientific methods in these...
This book presents original research works by researchers, engineers and practitioners in the field of artificial intelligence and cognitive computing. The book is divided into two parts, the first of which focuses on artificial intelligence (AI), knowledge representation, planning, learning, scheduling, perception-reactive AI systems, evolutionary computing and other topics related to intelligent systems and computational intelligence. In turn, the second part focuses on cognitive computing, cognitive science and cognitive informatics. It also discusses applications of cognitive computing in medical informatics, structural health monitoring, computational intelligence, intelligent control systems, bio-informatics, smart manufacturing, smart grids, image/video processing, video analytics, medical image and signal processing, and knowledge engineering, as well as related applications.
An incisive, groundbreaking book that examines how a biological concept of race is a myth that promotes inequality in a supposedly “post-racial” era. Though the Human Genome Project proved that human beings are not naturally divided by race, the emerging fields of personalized medicine, reproductive technologies, genetic genealogy, and DNA databanks are attempting to resuscitate race as a biological category written in our genes. This groundbreaking book by legal scholar and social critic Dorothy Roberts examines how the myth of race as a biological concept—revived by purportedly cutting-edge science, race-specific drugs, genetic testing, and DNA databases—continues to undermine a ju...
Despite significant advances in cancer treatment and measures of neoplastic progression, drug effect (or early detection, overall cancer incidence has increased, pharmacodynamic markers), and markers that measure cancer-associated morbidity is considerable, and overall prognosis as well as predict responses to specific therapy. cancer survival has remained relatively flat over the past All these biomarkers have the potential to greatly augment several decades (1,2). However, new technology the development of successful chemoprevention therapies, allowing exploration of signal transduction pathways, but two specific types of biomarkers will have the most identification of cancer-associated ge...
Extrachromosomal DNA contains the proceedings of the 1979 ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology held in Keystone, Colorado. Contributors focus on extrachromosomal DNA, paying particular attention to the biogenesis of yeast mitochondria. They discuss topics based on the premise that the diversity and complexity of primitive mitochondrial and perhaps chloroplast DNA structure and replication have more in common with many viral systems than with either prokaryotic or eukaryotic systems. This is especially striking in the case of so-called split genes. This book is organized into nine sections encompassing 34 chapters and begins with an overview of extranuclear genetics and the evo...
Biochemistry and Genetics of Yeasts: Pure and Applied Aspects consists of papers presented at a symposium organized by the Academia Brasileira de Ciencias held at the Universidade de Sao Paulo, on December 4-10, 1977. Organized into seven parts, this book reveals relevant and exciting developments in the areas of yeast genetics, respiration and fermentation, metabolic regulation, cell wall structure, synthesis of macromolecules, and transport. It demonstrates the presence of great progress in the knowledge of structure and functions of the yeast mitochondrial DNA. This book will be useful to scientific institutes and university laboratories interested in the biochemistry, genetics, and technology of yeasts.
The three-dimensional structure and function of molecules present many challenges and opportunities for developing an understanding of biological systems. With the increasing availability of molecular structures and the advancing accuracy of structure predictions and molecular simulations, the space for algorithmic advancement on many analytical and predictive problems is both broad and deep. To support this field, a rich set of methods and algorithms are available, addressing a variety of important problems such as protein-protein interactions, the effect of mutations on protein structure and function, and protein structure determination. Despite recent advancements in the field, in particular in protein folding with the development of AlphaFold, many problems still remain unsolved. In this book we focus on a number of topics in Structural Bioinformatics: Cryo-EM structural detection, protein conformational exploration, elucidation of molecular binding surface using geometry, the effect of mutations, insertions and deletions on protein structural stability, and protein-ligand binding.
This book describes the principles and the application of the existing molecular methodology for the detection of early cancer. Discussion focuses on the molecular changes characterizing preneoplastic lesions; molecular targets for early detection; validation of molecular targets; and new diagnostic technology for early detection. The advantages of molecular detection over current methods are examined, as well as the importance of identifying and characterizing preneoplastic lesions. In addition to the uses of highly specific molecular probes to detect early cancer, this book demonstrates the many ways in which molecular markers serve oncology. While meeting pressing needs in the practice of medicine, molecular detection of early cancer scientifically necessitates a confrontation with the biology of cancer, such as the genetic determinants of progression, regression, dormancy, and invasion. This work not only discusses the diagnostic value of these molecular methods but views their practical benefits against a background of conventional morphology.