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The Sex Sector
This book includes case studies from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand, showing prostitution's well organized and highly diversified economic bases, and explaining why it is difficult for policymakers and legislators to define a clear legal stance on adult prostitution, or to implement effective social programs.
Toward an Environmentally Sustainable Future
This publication presents the results of a 2-year effort to update environmental assessment in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The research was a collaborative effort involving the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission, and numerous other technical and research institutions in the PRC. Based on this research and extensive consultations, ADB proposes a wide range of programs and policies that will help improve environmental quality despite new and emerging sources of pollution and challenges to natural resources management. Inclusive growth and a green economy are the government's guiding principles for its development agenda under the 12th Five-Year Plan and beyond to 2020. To support these principles, the PRC needs to restructure its economic and fiscal systems to reflect environmental externality, expand the use of market-based instruments to control pollution, and introduce and implement legal reforms to clarify responsibility and promote cooperation.
Growing Beyond the Low-Cost Advantage
The economic success of the People's Republic of China (PRC) over the last three decades has brought with it new challenges. With a per capita gross national income of $4,930 in 2011, the PRC has just passed the threshold of upper-middle-income status and it still has a long way to go before becoming a high-income country. But with rising wages and population aging, growth will have to be increasingly driven by productivity improvement through innovation and industrial upgrading---the PRC needs to move from a lowcost to a high-value economy. Moreover, rapid growth has exposed several structural problems, in particular, economic imbalances, rising inequality, resource constraints, and environmental degradation. If not addressed, these problems could hinder PRC's efforts in moving toward a high-value economy and increase the risk of getting caught in what is increasingly known as the "middle-income trap."
Raising Awareness of Anticompetitive Behavior in the Financial Sector of the People's Republic of China
The Anti-Monopoly Law, in effect since August 2008, seeks to encourage competition, maintain market order, and facilitates the allocation of resources through open markets in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Studies on the impact of this law on the PRC's financial industry have been limited in scope, hence, the research as published was conducted to fill the gap. This study examines the provisions of the law and the legislation process for them, followed by a discussion of the role of the PRC's anti-monopoly authorities in enforcing the law in the banking, insurance, and securities industries. It looks at monopolistic practices in the financial industry and the mechanisms instituted for supervising and regulating those practices. It then makes conclusions about the current monopoly situation in the PRC's financial industry and policy recommendations for a more effective and efficient enforcement of the said law.
Regional Workshop on Responding to Climate Change in the Pacific
ADB’s Pacific Climate Change Program will address climate change–related technical and financing needs and support the planning and implementation of the climate responsive national development plans of Pacific developing member countries. Using innovative financing mechanisms, the program will build on and enhance efforts to-date by a variety of development partners, and will work with regional and national agencies and local communities to create and promote knowledge, skills, and practices in climate change–related fields.
The BRICS and Collective Financial Statecraft
Introduction: the BRICS as a club -- Global power shift: the BRICS, building capabilities for influence -- BRICS collective financial statecraft: four cases -- Motives for BRICS collaboration: views from the five capitals -- Conclusion: whither the BRICS?
The Political Economy of Economic Reform in the Pacific
This collection of studies on the political economy of Pacific island countries was authored by writers from various disciplinary backgrounds. Their research confirms the results of political economy studies of economic reform in developing countries from elsewhere around the world and shines new light on the kinds of obstacles that have to be overcome for economic reform to be successful in the Pacific. This publication presents many valuable lessons for agencies assisting in the economic development of Pacific island countries.
Financing Road Construction and Maintenance after the Fuel Tax Reform
This study explores several fundamental issues associated with the implementation of the fuel tax reform initiative in the People's Republic of China and the improvement of the sustainability of the country's highway programs. It identifies and explores high-level policy issues, options, and future research needs associated with financing ordinary and rural road construction and maintenance. The research includes an assessment of the impacts, successes, and challenges of the fuel tax reform to date, and identifies areas where additional steps and actions may be required to improve program sustainability and effectiveness. The study also examines applicable experiences from developed and developing countries and suggests policy recommendations.
Transparency to the People
The publication tells the story of the use of stakeholder participation to support public sector reform in Nauru and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). The report provides important lessons for donor agencies, for Nauru and the RMI, and for other Pacific island nations that mainly live off aid and other rents. The lessons concern what has gone wrong with governance and why, and what can be done to improve governance under existing conditions. The three pilot projects described show that by taking transparency directly to the people, donors can help create more favorable conditions under which local citizens themselves can more readily press for reform. Whether the modest gains achieved in the pilot projects will prevail remains to be seen, but in all three cases, the future looks more promising than the past.
