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On August 27, 1960, more than 200 whites with ax handles and baseball bats attacked members of the Jacksonville Youth Council NAACP in downtown Jacksonville who were sitting in at white lunch counters protesting racism and segregation. Referred to as Ax Handle Saturday, "It was never about a hot dog and a Coke" chronicles the racial and political climate of Jacksonville, Florida in the late fifties, the events leading up to that infamous day, and the aftermath.
Unless WE Tell It . . . It Never Gets Told! focuses on the Black history and the Civil Rights History of Jacksonville, Florida, and examines racism in Jacksonville, Florida, the state of Florida, and America. The book consists of two sections, "Real Stories about Blacks in Jacksonville, Florida" and "Confronting Racism." It is Rodney L. Hurst Sr., civil rights activist, and author of the award-winning personal account of Jacksonville's 1960 sit-in demonstrations and Ax Handle Saturday, It was never about a hot dog and a Coke(r)! second book. Stories of the historical achievements of great Black Americans -including Blacks in Jacksonville, Florida-are woefully unknown, as are many stories abo...
On a sweltering day in August 1960, in the segregated Deep South city of Jacksonville, Florida, a seventeen-year-old Black boy finished his dishwashing job at Morrison’s Cafeteria, walked out the back door, and found himself in the middle of a nightmare. Hundreds of white men with ax handles and baseball bats were attacking Black sit-in protestors in Hemming Park. Suddenly surrounded, the young man endured menacing blows and racist taunts. He called for help from a white police officer standing nearby, but no help came. And he felt an unwarranted shame he determined never to feel again. His name was Nat Glover. Nat’s life could have ended that day, but instead, the ordeal reinforced his ...
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In the 1950s and '60s Jacksonville faced daunting problems. Critics described city government as boss-ridden, expensive, and corrupt. African Americans challenged racial segregation, and public high schools were disaccredited. The St. Johns River and its tributaries were heavily polluted. Downtown development had succumbed to suburban sprawl. Consolidation, endorsed by an almost two-to-one majority in 1967, became the catalyst for change. The city's decision to consolidate with surrounding Duval County began the transformation of this conservative, Deep South, backwater city into a prosperous, mainstream metropolis. James B. Crooks introduces readers to preconsolidation Jacksonville and then...