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The Seven Cities of the Apocalypse and Roman Culture
“To understand the immediate cultural and societal background of the cities to which John wrote in Revelation 1 and 2, we must first understand the broader background of Roman civilization and its impact upon Asian province,” writes Roland H. Worth in the introduction to this fascinating, information-packed work. It is an in-depth study of the history, culture, society, economics, and environment of early Christians living in Roman Asia. Drawing on a multitude of resources from diverse disciplines, Worth surveys Roman life and attitudes in general, and demonstrates how Roman power developed and was exercised in Asia. He describes life in Roman Asia: what it was like to live in that province, how the imperial cult grew and prospered there, as well as the nature of official governmental persecution in the first century. A second book, The Seven Cities of the Apocalypse and Greco-Asian Culture, will fill in the details of the local background of the Christians for whom the “mini-epistles” in the book of Revelation were written.
The Seven Cities of the Apocalypse and Greco-Asian Culture
The companion to The Seven Cities of the Apocalypse and Roman Culture, this study explores the social world in which early Christians functioned in Asia, providing a comprehensive picture of life in this eastern province of the Roman Empire and focusing on how the local environment affects the interpretation of the book of Revelation. The history, population, local culture, economies, and cults of each city are examined in detail. Including data from hundreds of sources, this volume should prove useful to students of both the Bible and Roman history, as it bridges the gap between the two specialties and provides many details that enable the reader to imagine what life would really have been like in those ancient cities. As such, this study provides a valuable supplement to the broader question of Rome’s general impact upon the region traced in the Roman Culture volume. Although there are many works on the subject, this is the only place where all the information is pulled together. It is a useful resource for Scripture scholars, nonprofessionals with an interest in Bible study, professors and students of Scripture, and historians specializing in the first century CE.
Shapers of Early Christianity
In 100 A.D., Christianity was practiced only by a small, oppressed minority. Three hundred years later, Christianity had become one of the world's major religions. But this change did not happen easily. The imperial government of Rome, intellectual tradition and battles within the church itself influenced the transformation. Every viewpoint had its champions and opponents and whether they were "defenders of the faith" or those whom history later labeled heretics, they were part of the early evolution of Christianity. This volume discusses more than 50 figures who played a role in the transformation from primitive Christianity to early Medieval Catholicism. As it examines the lives and influence of imperial rulers such as Constantine, proponents of the intellectual tradition including Gregory of Neocaesaria and Julius Africanus, and early Bible translators such as Tatian, Origen and Jerome, the work provides a fascinating look at Christian history.
Biblical Studies on the Internet
The new edition includes more than 4,800 resources available at more than 10,000 Internet sites that provide information on a range of biblical study topics including Bible translations in English and other languages, audio translations of the Bible in English and other languages, commentaries, dictionaries, and other resource materials including ones in Greek, Hebrew and other ancient languages. The author also has adopted a new method of referencing and cataloging the most widely used web pages to facilitate a major expansion of resources without increasing the physical length of the book itself. In cases when ten or more resources are listed on a single web page, the author has assigned the web page a three-digit code. The code is used to identify this web page as a major resource within the main text, while any needed instructions for use of the site are cross-referenced separately in the final chapter. In adopting this concise method, the author was able to add hundreds of additional or updated web resources, a surprising number of which can be downloaded onto a hard drive for immediate and continued use.
Secret Allies in the Pacific
Even though the United States was still officially at peace prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, it was secretly devising a chain of intelligence-sharing alliances with future allies in the impending war in the Pacific. This work is divided into four sections, which bring together bits and pieces of often isolated details about the intelligence alliance, allowing readers to gain a sense of how it came to exist, how it functioned and what were its limitations, often severe. Section One discusses the efforts of the Washington, Hawaii and Philippines units in breaking all cryptographic systems used by foreign powers. Section Two covers the roles of Canada and Australia, the secondary powers of the British commonwealth, the Dutch East Indies and China, the secondary independent powers, and other players in the Allied effort. Section Three concentrates on other covert intelligence sharing in London, Hawaii and the Philippines. Section Four ends the text with a discussion of the suppression and their revelation of the role of Great Britain.
Congress Declares War
The dramatic events of the Pearl Harbor attack have been covered in great detail and variety. What came next - the American declaration of war, the intervention of Germany and Italy, and the U.S. declaration of war against them as well - has received less attention. This volume analyzes the public and Congress reaction to the attack and how attitudes toward war began to change. With liberal use of excerpts from the Congressional Record of 1941, the book explores the rationales of both the interventionist minded and the anti-interventionists, as well as their efforts to forge a national consensus that would support an open-ended conflict. The reasoning behind not immediately declaring war on Germany and the motivations behind Germany's decision to enter the conflict on its own initiative are discussed. Lengthy attention is given to Jeanette Rankin, the only House member to vote against the war.
Alternative Lives of Jesus
There is a body of religious literature, most of which was written centuries after the New Testament, that attempts to provide supplemental or alternative accounts of the life of Jesus Christ. The most exhaustive surviving alternative versions to the New Testament come from orthodox circles and are often creative "imaginings" that try to fill holes in the canonical gospel accounts of Jesus' life. This work investigates the origins and nature of noncanonical retellings in detail--both orthodox and heretical as well as Roman and traditionalist Jewish ones. Extensive summaries of the text as well as substantial verbatim extracts of key incidents and assertions are provided to give the reader a "feel" for the character and intents of the various sources. A concise introduction to a much neglected area of Bible-related study that should be of potential use to students of Biblical literature, comparative religion, and early medieval thought.
No Choice But War
In July 1941 the United States, after a decade of worsening economic relations, announced a total embargo against Japan. The embargo had actually begun in 1940 with a so-called moral embargo under which U.S. exports of planes and war material to Japan were barred. In early 1941 Washington squeezed the Tokyo government further by unofficially tightening exports of petroleum. By December 1941, over 90 percent of Japan's oil supply was cut off, as was nearly 70 percent of its overall trade. From contemporary source documents, this is a detailed look at the U.S.-led embargo and how it contributed to Japan's decision to attack Pearl Harbor and declare war on the United States.
Congress Declares War
The dramatic events of the Pearl Harbor attack have been covered in detail from a wide variety of approaches. What came next--the American declaration of war, the intervention of Germany and Italy and the U.S. proclaiming war against them as well--has been given considerably less attention. This detailed volume fills that gap with careful analysis of how the public and Congress reacted to the attack and how it began to modify their past attitudes toward foreign war. Excerpts from the Congressional Record of 1941 support the author's discussion of the debates leading to the decision to declare war. The book explores the rationales defending past conduct by those who had been of both interventionist and anti-interventionist sentiments, as well as their collective effort to forge a national consensus that would support a multi-year international conflict. Emphasis is also placed on the reasoning behind war not being immediately declared on Germany as well as Japan and the motivations behind Germany's decision to enter the conflict on it's own initiative. Lengthy attention is given to Jeanette Rankin, the only House member to vote against the war.
Pearl Harbor
In 1945 a joint committee of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives was appointed to investigate and hear testimony from a variety of military and civilian leaders about the attack on Pearl Harbor. Brought together here is a cross-section of the relevant testimony from the Congressional committee's 39-volume report. Witnesses recount events leading up to the war, American espionage efforts, the failure of radar, the penetration of the Japanese diplomatic codes, and the performance of the military.
