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New Advances on Fermentation Processes
In recent years, there has been an increase in the concern of society and industries about how food and beverages are produced, the production of natural compounds as well as the concern of industries on fermentation-based processes. Thus, there are several approaches worldwide that are looking for low time and low cost fermentation-based processes integrating not only molecular biology procedures but also engineering. This book contains eleven chapters written by international experts in the field of fermentation. It covers all recent aspects on fermentation-based processes with potential applications in many fields such as bio combustible production, food and beverage processing, and biomedicine.
Functional Food
In recent years, the concern of society about how food influences the health status of people has increased. Consumers are increasingly aware that food can prevent the development of certain diseases, so in recent years, the food industry is developing new, healthier products taking into account aspects such as trans fats, lower caloric intake, less salt, etc. However, there are bioactive compounds that can improve the beneficial effect of these foods and go beyond the nutritional value. This book provides information on impact of bioactive ingredients (vitamins, antioxidants, compounds of the pulses, etc.) on nutrition through food, how functional foods can prevent disease, and tools to evaluate the effects of bioactive ingredients, functional foods, and diet.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are molecules generated naturally during cellular metabolic processes. They act as signaling agents that oversee specific biochemical pathways, playing a vital role in cell function and survival. However, an imbalance in ROS signaling or excessive ROS production can have harmful effects on the pathophysiology of diseases. ROS are crucial to cell signaling and are involved in various physiological processes. They modulate gene expression, regulate cell cycle progression, and influence immune responses. Although ROS are essential for normal cellular functions, an overabundance of these molecules can lead to oxidative stress, causing DNA damage, lipid peroxidation,...
Birds
For many humans, birds are the most fascinating group of animals and they are definitely among the best-known and studied organisms. Thanks to global citizen science data, we know that there are some 50 billion individual birds in the world at present, which is about six birds for every human on the planet. Birds have an important role as indicators of the state of the environment, giving them high public value. Human-related global impacts such as climate changes and accelerating urbanization force extant species to continuous adaptations, population modifications, or even outright extinction. This book includes nine chapters covering such topics as bird genetics, the colour of avian plumage, conservation problems, sustainable hunting, habitat disturbance, range expansion and introductions, and long-term bird population changes and challenges. A key chapter explains the genetic rules and reasons why we have continuously more bird species in the world and why we may end up having 7,000 species more than the present 11,000 species.
Epigenetics to Optogenetics
Epigenetics, which deals with the study of heritable gene expression that takes place independent of changes in DNA sequence, and optogenetics, which deals with the study of genes expressed under the influence of light, are two emerging areas of study and research that have contributed immensely to our current knowledge of mechanisms and disease processes in humans. These disciplines are interrelated in the broader picture of biology and one can be used to change or modify the other. The complexity of the techniques involved in these disciplines often leads to a lack of proper understanding by researchers from other disciplines and the scientific community at large. As such, this book provides simple and easy-to-follow explanations of some of the most exciting areas of research in these disciplines.
Advances in Pluripotent Stem Cells
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are advantageous cell sources for disease remodeling and drug screening, particularly for regenerative medicine. State-of-the-art updates have highlighted the feasibility of hPSCs for the large-scale preparation of diverse kinds of stem cells and functional cells, such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T cells (CAR-Ts). With the aid of preclinical investigations and clinical practice, hPSCs have been recognized as promising therapeutic cell sources with excellent properties for treating a variety of refractory and recurrent diseases. This book provides a comprehensive overview of advances in pluripotent stem cells.
Heavy Metal(loid) Stress-alleviating and Phytostimulating Microorganisms: Dual-performing Warhorses in Soil-bioremediation
The omnipresence of diverse microorganisms in the environment is valuable in many ways. Their presence in the vicinity of plants benefits as a result of positive plant-microbe interaction. Phytostimulating microorganisms or plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) are a certain group of microbes that includes rhizobacteria, endophytes, actinomycetes, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, etc. They are colonized in different parts of plants (as endophytes) or the close contact outside the plants’ root-surface (rhizosphere and rhizoplane) attracted by certain plant exudates or secondary metabolites for nutrition. In return, PGPMs directly or indirectly assist their host plants by secreting plant growth-promoting substances, increase nutrient bioavailability of insoluble or less-soluble compounds in soils, and also confronts invading phytopathogens. A major group of these microorganisms takes an active part in soil metal bioremediation, an essential concern in the current scenario for the reclamation of metal-contaminated agricultural fields.
Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation
The pollution of soil and groundwater by harmful chemical compounds and heavy metals is becoming very serious in many countries. Although remediation is necessary as soon as possible, the performance of conventional bioremediation processes is not sufficient. This book deals with advances in bioremediation and phytoremediation processes by using excellent strains and a combination of processes. In the chapters of this book, the researchers have introduced the overall status of contamination; the characteristics of bioremediation using halobacteria, Candida yeast, and autochthonous bacteria; and phytoremediation using macrophytes. Moreover, other researchers introduced a process using biochar and electric currents, and this combination of processes and phytoremediation enhances the overall process.
