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Swiss critic Johann Georg Sulzer's Dialogues on the Beauty of Nature (1750) and Reflections on Certain Topics of Natural History (1745) are exemplary specimens of eighteenth-century European theology, philosophy, natural history, and aesthetics. Sulzer's contemporaries-notably Goethe-read him with attention. Eric Miller's elegant translation comes with a vivid, informative, and strongly contextualizing introduction. Sulzer's early works are a curio cabinet of the philosophical and theological arguments that exercised and enticed the intelligentsia of his period. These topics and arguments have by no means forfeited pertinence today.
The topic of religious conversion into and out of Islam as a historical phenomenon is mired in a sea of debate and misunderstanding. It has often been viewed as the permanent crossing of not just a religious divide, but in the context of the early modern Mediterranean also political, cultural and geographic boundaries. Reading between the lines of a wide variety of sources, however, suggests that religious conversion between Christianity, Judaism and Islam often had a more pragmatic and prosaic aspect that constituted a form of cultural translation and a means of establishing communal belonging through the shared, and often contested articulation of religious identities. The chapters in this...
"In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Isfahan, the capital of the Safavid Empire, was host to a diverse array of European Catholic missionaries. This book examines the social roles adopted by the Discalced Carmelites and other missionaries in this multicultural metropolis. Attracted by the hope of converting the Shah, the European missionaries acted as diplomatic agents for Catholic rulers, hosts to Protestant merchants and healers of Armenians and Muslims. Through such activities the missionaries gained social acceptance locally, as well as economic independence from Rome. The flexibility they demonstrated in dealing with cultural diversity is a common feature of missionary activity throughout emerging global Catholicism. Clerics who set out to win over souls for the "true religion" turned into local actors who built their reputations by defining their social roles in accordance with the expectations of their host society, and it was only in the nineteenth century that Rome was able to obtain more centralised control over the church. The book shows how early modern Catholicism was confronted and shaped in multiple ways by experiences in Iran and other Asian empires"--
Fatty acids play an important role in the barrier function of skin and represent a major source of proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and other lipids in inflammatory skin disorders. This book combines the two major functions of fatty acids in skin biology. In the first part the biosynthesis of fatty acids in skin with its role in barrier function as well as the role of dietary fatty acids on skin cell function and in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases is presented. The second part deals with skin as a source of proinflammatory eicosanoids, especially with the keratinocyte as a major cellular source. Metabolism of eicosanoids in skin, its role in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis as well as pharmacological inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis is reviewed. The book finishes with a chapter describing the methods used for quantification of fatty acids and derivatives in skin inflammation. Anyone interested in skin physiology would benefit from the overviews about the two sites of fatty acids' function in skin integrity and in skin inflammation.
A collection of new essays on Ernst Mach's scientific and philosophical thought by leading Mach scholars.