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Only 4 percent of arable land in sub-Saharan Africa is irrigated, using just 2 percent of the available water resources. Furthermore, 18 percent of the area equipped for irrigation is not utilized at all and the intensity of use varies between 50 percent and 80 percent. This highlights the huge potential available for intensifying and expanding irrigated area, provided that the investments required can be successfully mobilized. However, it must be noted that if investments in irrigation are to yield satisfactory returns, investments must also be made in a series of related activities. Current global figures for the amount of private investment in irrigation confirm that good returns can indeed be achieved. Prospects for sub-Saharan Africa would be far more favorable if public development assistance, particularly foreign direct investments, did not show declining trends.
Weaknesses in planning and implementation (P&I) have been identified as one of the main reasons for the disappointing results of agricultural water development and management projects. Based on a review and critical analysis of experiences and case studies in sub-Saharan Africa, this studycomponent proposes practical ways of improving performance related to planning and implementation and thereby enhancing the returns to investments in agricultural water.
Financial and human resources : irrigation investment trends in Sri Lanka, implication for policy and research in irrigation management;organizational dynamics in a corporate-type irrigation organization, and analysis of the national irrigation administration in the Philippines;system turnover to farmers in the Philippines;management training through special awards;reinforcing management at system level: a comparativestudy of farmer-managed systems in northern Pakistan;irrigation management for crop diversication;studies on rice-based irrigation systems management in Bangladesh;emerging issues and trends:issues in conjunctive management of groundwater and surface irrigation systems in Punjab, Pakistan, an initial assessment;salinity in Punjab watercourse commands and irrigation systems operations;application of mathematicalmodels for simulation of canal operations at Kirindi Oya, Sri Lanka, preliminary results;towards better performance:performance of new irrigation settlement schemes, a case study of kirindi Oya, Sri Lanka;performance of secondary canals in Pakistan Punjab, research on equity andvariability at the distributary level.
Explores the effects of plots allocation on women’s labor contributions in the Dakiri irrigation system of Burkina Faso. Compares intra-household distribution of income derived from agricultural activities when men are the sole owners of plots to income distribution when both men and women within the same household own irrigated plots.
There are four papers focusing on the special recent experience of South Africa, as it replaces former inequitable water laws with a new one tq reflect its major pOlitical reorientation, and at the same time takes this opportunity of change to bring in several other principles of modern thinking about water, with a focus on participation by stakeholders, on the river-basin as management unit, on financial principles such as "users pay" and "polluters pay;' and on the potential role of access to water in addressing social issues such as poverty and gender discrimination. Conflict / Social aspects / Gender / Water law / Institutional constraints / Financing / Investment / Water scarcity / Water users' associations / Privatization / User charges / Water allocation / Political aspects / Water use efficiency / Water policy / Developing countries / Agricultural development / Poverty / Watercourses / River basins / Water management