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This title explores linguistic landscape, which refers to the signs, directions, and other documentation that appear in the public space, and includes the interpretation of this 'visible language' in social, political, and economic contexts.
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Linguistic Landscapes is the first comprehensive approach to language on signs. It provides an up-to-date review of previous research, introduces a coherent analytical framework, and applies this framework to a sample of signs collected in Tokyo. Linguistic Landscapes demonstrates that the study of language on signs provides a unique research perspective to urban multilingualism.
Testing expert W. James Popham provides the definitive nuts-and-bolts introduction to formative assessment, a process with the power to transform teaching and learning.
Solutions for the Assessment of Bilinguals presents innovative solutions for the evaluation of language abilities and proficiency in multilingual speakers – and by extension, the evaluation of their cognitive and academic abilities. This volume brings together researchers working in a variety of bilingual settings to discuss critical matters central to the assessment of bilingual children and adults. The studies include typically developing bilingual children, bilingual children who may be at risk for language impairments, bilingual and multilingual children and adults found in classrooms, and second-language learners in childhood and adulthood. The contributions propose a variety of ways of assessing performance and abilities in the face of the multiple issues that complicate the best interpretation of test performance.
First published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Code Switching, the alternating use of two or more languages ation, has become an increasingly topical and important field of research. Now available in paperback, Code-Switching in Conversation brings together contributions from a wide variety of sociolinguistics settings in which the phenomenon is observed. It addresses not only the structure and the function, but also the ideological values of such bilingual behaviour. The contributors question many views of code switching on the empirical basis of many European and non European contexts. By bringing together linguistics, anthropological and socio-psychological research, they move towards a more realistic conception of bilingual conversation action.
This book is directly concerned with the reasons underlying bilingual children's poor performance on standardized tests. It is the authors' contention that without an understanding of the nature of bilingualism itself, the problems encountered by bilingual individuals on such tests will continue. The volume's primary purpose is to contribute to the development of a research, knowledge, and theoretical base which can support the testing of bilingual individuals. By reviewing and discussing both the nature of bilingualism and the nature of standardized testing and by presenting a detailed agenda of the questions that must be answered the authors hope to influence existing and future policies which govern the use of tests and test results. This area is of increasing importance to American education and the policy implications are evident.
Representing the most comprehensive review of the physiological research conducted on 61 genera of ornamental geophytes, this book covers the basic aspects of world production, horticultural utilization, botanical descriptions and origins, bulb growth and development and flowering, production systems, diseases, insects, plant breeding and the economics related to flower bulbs. This is the first publication to allow access to this research in one single volume, with each genera chapter being outlined in such a manner that any subject area can be readily accessed without reading the entire chapter. Information is also included on genera that have never been comprehensively reviewed. Written by scientists from all over the world, this book aims to provide a basic orientation for any individuals who are unfamiliar with flower bulbs as well as to serve as a comprehensive, quick-reference text.
The articles in this volume commemorate A. Ronald Watson, a member of the National Foreign Language Center in Washington. They focus on two topics - foreign language policy and pedagogy. Many of the articles reflect Walton's interest in the teaching of non-western European languages.