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Aging Gracefully: Steering the Banking Sector Through Demographic Shifts
We analyze how aging populations might affect the stability of banking systems through changes in the balance sheets and risk preferences of banks over the period 2000-2022. While the anticipated decline in maturity transformation due to aging hints at a possible reduction in risk exposure, an older population may propel banks towards yield-seeking behaviors, offsetting the diminishing prominence of conventional lending operations. Through a comprehensive examination of advanced economies over the past two decades, our findings reveal a general enhancement in bank stability correlating with the aging of populations. However, the adaptive responses of banks to these demographic changes are potentially introducing tail risks. Given the rapid global shift towards aging societies, our analysis highlights the critical need for policymakers to be proactive and vigilant. This is particularly pertinent considering historical precedents where periods of relative stability have often been harbingers of emerging risks.
Beyond Banks
How new technology is rapidly changing the nature of money and the way we pay A diverse and growing range of financial institutions and platforms—from PayPal and Venmo to WeChat, Alipay, and the brave new world of stablecoins—has harnessed new technology to disrupt the system of money and payments as we know it. Beyond Banks explains why this disruption holds out the promise of faster, cheaper, more convenient, and more secure payments, but also how it increasingly risks exposing consumers, businesses, and governments to the problem of bad money. Dan Awrey traces the origins of our current bundled system of banking, money, and payments. He explains why the problem of bad money—the resu...
Corporate Indebtedness and Low Productivity Growth of Italian Firms
Productivity growth in Italy has been persistently anemic and has lagged that of the euro area over the period 1999-2015, while the indebtedness of its corporate sector has increased. Using the ORBIS firm-level database, this paper studies the long-term impact of persistent corporate-debt accumulation on the productivity growth of Italian firms and investigates whether total factor productivity growth varies with the level of corporate indebtedness. We employ a novel estimation technique proposed by Chudik, Mohaddes, Pesaran, and Raissi (2017) to account for dynamics, bi-directional feedback effects, cross-firm heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence arising from unobserved common fact...
Disembedded
During the last two decades, there has been much scholarly and popular interest in the financialization of the American economy--why the turn to finance has taken place, what constituted it, and what has come out of it. In Disembedded, Basak Kus draws from the theories of Karl Polanyi--one of the greatest and most influential political economists of the twentieth century--to answer these questions. Focused primarily on the state's regulatory role in a dominantly financialized economy, Kus examines how neoliberal principles influenced the evolution of American regulatory policies, shaping the financial sector's operations and practices. Her narrative traces the trajectory of these interactions, highlighting critical junctures, policy decisions, and market outcomes that culminated in the financial crisis. Offering historical insights into the financial crisis spanning 2007-2010 and its ensuing influence on American politics and democracy, Disembedded provides a broad-ranging and systemic explanation of the American political economy, especially the regulatory landscape that shaped the patterns of financialization.
The Tokenised Economy and the Law
This topical book offers a comprehensive examination of the legal framework behind the tokenised economy, illustrating the business applications of blockchain and distributed-ledger technologies. Conducting a thorough analysis of the different taxonomies of crypto assets, Riccardo de Caria focuses on a range of legal areas, including currency, property, contract, investment and corporate law.
There's Nothing Micro about a Billion Women
Why it takes more than microloans to empower women and promote sustainable, inclusive economic growth. Nearly one billion women have been completely excluded from the formal financial system. Without even a bank account in their own names, they lack the basic services that most of us take for granted—secure ways to save money, pay bills, and get credit. Exclusion from the formal financial system means they are economic outsiders, unable to benefit from, or contribute to, economic growth. Microfinance has been hailed as an economic lifeline for women in developing countries—but, as Mary Ellen Iskenderian shows in this book, it takes more than microloans to empower women and promote sustai...
Can Our Civilisation Survive the Changes Generated by New Technology? Analysing Society and Media
Human history is a history of powerful civilisations which collapsed for various reasons, but behind all of those reasons there was the inability of each civilisation to adapt to changes that were introduced by the human race itself or by the external environment. Judging from history we can expect that our civilisation might collapse as well. This book takes a look at the huge changes brought by new technology that was introduced by humans over the past few decades and might have the power to destroy the modern civilisation. It analyses social disadvantages of the new technology and attempts to answer the question of what has to be done to enable society to adapt to the new techology, embrace it and use it for the collective good. It also explains how to recognize fake news, why Orson Welles was a fake news visionary and why Monica Lewinsky was one of the first victims of the modern new technology.
The Anatomy of Banks’ IT Investments: Drivers and Implications
This paper relies on administrative data to study determinants and implications of US banks’ Information Technology (IT) investments, which have increased six-fold over two decades. Large and small banks had similar IT expenses a decade ago. Since then, large banks sharply increased their spending, especially those which were more exposed to competition from fintech lenders. Other local-level and bank-level factors, such as county income and bank income sources, also contribute to explain the heterogeneity in IT investments. Analysis of the mortgage market reveals that fintechs’ lending behavior is more similar to that of non-bank financial intermediaries rather than IT-savvy banks, suggesting that factors other than technology are responsible for the differences between banks and other lenders. However, both IT-savvy banks and fintech lend to lower income borrowers, pointing towards benefits for financial inclusion from higher IT adoption. Banks’ IT investments are also shown to matter for the responsiveness of bank lending to monetary policy.
Fintech and the Future of Finance
Fintech—the application of digital technology to financial services—is reshaping thefuture of finance. Digital technologies are revolutionizing payments, lending, investment,insurance, and other financial products and services—and the COVID-19 pandemic hasaccelerated this process. Digitalization of financial services and money is helping tobridge gaps in access to financial services for households and firms and is promotingeconomic development. Improved access to basic financial services translates intobetter firm productivity and growth for micro and small businesses, as well as higherincomes and resilience to improve the lives of the poor. Technology can lowertransaction costs by ove...
Tackling Gender Inequality: Definitions, Trends, and Policy Designs
This paper identifies five key issues that are important for the continued efforts to tackle gender inequality: (i) gender inequality needs to be distinguished from gender gaps. Not all gender gaps necessarily reflect gender inequality as some gender gaps are not driven by the lack of equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities bywomen and girls, and this has important implications on policy designs to address gender inequity. However, the literature has paid little attention to this issue, often using gender inequality and gender gaps interchangeably; (ii) the evolving focus of gender inequality suggests there is still a long way to go to fully address gender inequality. Particularly g...
