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Resolving Markov Chains onto Bernoulli Shifts via Positive Polynomials
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 114

Resolving Markov Chains onto Bernoulli Shifts via Positive Polynomials

The two parts of this monograph contain two separate but related papers. The longer paper in Part A obtains necessary and sufficient conditions for several types of codings of Markov chains onto Bernoulli shifts. It proceeds by replacing the defining stochastic matrix of each Markov chain by a matrix whose entries are polynomials with positive coefficients in several variables; a Bernoulli shift is represented by a single polynomial with positive coefficients, $p$. This transforms jointly topological and measure-theoretic coding problems into combinatorial ones. In solving the combinatorial problems in Part A, the work states and makes use of facts from Part B concerning $p DEGREESn$ and its coefficients. Part B contains the shorter paper on $p DEGREESn$ and its coefficients, and is independ

Symbolic Dynamics and its Applications
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 472

Symbolic Dynamics and its Applications

This volume contains the proceedings of the conference, Symbolic Dynamics and its Applications, held at Yale University in the summer of 1991 in honour of Roy L. Adler on his sixtieth birthday. The conference focused on symbolic dynamics and its applications to other fields, including: ergodic theory, smooth dynamical systems, information theory, automata theory, and statistical mechanics. Featuring a range of contributions from some of the leaders in the field, this volume presents an excellent overview of the subject.

Finitary Measures for Subshifts of Finite Type and Sofic Systems
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 79

Finitary Measures for Subshifts of Finite Type and Sofic Systems

Is there a class of measures which is natural for sofic systems in the same way that Markov measures are natural for subshifts of finite type? Motivated by this question, we identify and study a class of finitary measures on sofic systems. We aim to convince the reader that, in addition to answering the above question, those measures are related to Markov measures in the way that sofic systems are related to subshifts of finite type.

Mutual Invadability Implies Coexistence in Spatial Models
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 133

Mutual Invadability Implies Coexistence in Spatial Models

In (1994) Durrett and Levin proposed that the equilibrium behavior of stochastic spatial models could be determined from properties of the solution of the mean field ordinary differential equation (ODE) that is obtained by pretending that all sites are always independent. Here we prove a general result in support of that picture. We give a condition on an ordinary differential equation which implies that densities stay bounded away from 0 in the associated reaction-diffusion equation, and that coexistence occurs in the stochastic spatial model with fast stirring. Then using biologists' notion of invadability as a guide, we show how this condition can be checked in a wide variety of examples that involve two or three species: epidemics, diploid genetics models, predator-prey systems, and various competition models.

Multi-Interval Linear Ordinary Boundary Value Problems and Complex Symplectic Algebra
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 79

Multi-Interval Linear Ordinary Boundary Value Problems and Complex Symplectic Algebra

A multi-interval quasi-differential system $\{I_{r},M_{r},w_{r}:r\in\Omega\}$ consists of a collection of real intervals, $\{I_{r}\}$, as indexed by a finite, or possibly infinite index set $\Omega$ (where $\mathrm{card} (\Omega)\geq\aleph_{0}$ is permissible), on which are assigned ordinary or quasi-differential expressions $M_{r}$ generating unbounded operators in the Hilbert function spaces $L_{r}^{2}\equiv L^{2}(I_{r};w_{r})$, where $w_{r}$ are given, non-negative weight functions. For each fixed $r\in\Omega$ assume that $M_{r}$ is Lagrange symmetric (formally self-adjoint) on $I_{r}$ and hence specifies minimal and maximal closed operators $T_{0,r}$ and $T_{1,r}$, respectively, in $L_{r...

Singular Quasilinearity and Higher Eigenvalues
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 191

Singular Quasilinearity and Higher Eigenvalues

This book is intended for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in partial differential equations.

Basic Global Relative Invariants for Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 223

Basic Global Relative Invariants for Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations

Given any fixed integer $m \ge 3$, the author presents simple formulas for $m - 2$ algebraically independent polynomials over $\mathbb{Q}$ having the remarkable property, with respect to transformations of homogeneous linear differential equations of order $m$, that each polynomial is both a semi-invariant of the first kind (with respect to changes of the dependent variable) and a semi-invariant of the second kind (with respect to changes of the independent variable). These relative invariants are suitable for global studies in several different contexts and do not require Laguerre-Forsyth reductions for their evaluation. In contrast, all of the general formulas for basic relative invariants that have been proposed by other researchers during the last 113 years are merely local ones that are either much too complicated or require a Laguerre-Forsyth reduction for each evaluation.

On the Foundations of Nonlinear Generalized Functions I and II
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 113

On the Foundations of Nonlinear Generalized Functions I and II

In part 1 of this title the authors construct a diffeomorphism invariant (Colombeau-type) differential algebra canonically containing the space of distributions in the sense of L. Schwartz. Employing differential calculus in infinite dimensional (convenient) vector spaces, previous attempts in this direction are unified and completed. Several classification results are achieved and applications to nonlinear differential equations involving singularities are given.

Codes, Systems, and Graphical Models
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 520

Codes, Systems, and Graphical Models

Coding theory, system theory, and symbolic dynamics have much in common. A major new theme in this area of research is that of codes and systems based on graphical models. This volume contains survey and research articles from leading researchers at the interface of these subjects.

Non-Uniform Lattices on Uniform Trees
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 146

Non-Uniform Lattices on Uniform Trees

This title provides a comprehensive examination of non-uniform lattices on uniform trees. Topics include graphs of groups, tree actions and edge-indexed graphs; $Aut(x)$ and its discrete subgroups; existence of tree lattices; non-uniform coverings of indexed graphs with an arithmetic bridge; non-uniform coverings of indexed graphs with a separating edge; non-uniform coverings of indexed graphs with a ramified loop; eliminating multiple edges; existence of arithmetic bridges. This book is intended for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in group theory and generalizations.