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The Medicago truncatula Genome
This book focuses on the discoveries in M. truncatula genomic research which has been undertaken in the last two decades. Legumes are important for their economic values as food, feed, and fodder and also serve as the pillar of sustainable agriculture because of its biological nitrogen fixation capacity. Medicago truncatula was established as a model legume in the 1990s and has been well adopted as a model internationally since then. M. truncatula is an autogamous, diploid (2n = 16) species with a short generation time, and relatively small genome size (~375 Mbp). The M. truncatula genome was initially sequenced by the International Medicago Genome Annotation Group (IMGAG) in 2011 and has be...
Plant Biotechnology: Progress in Genomic Era
Refinement in sequencing technologies and potential of genomic research resulted in meteoric growth of biological information such as sequences of DNA, RNA and protein requiring databases for efficient storage, management and retrieval of the biological information. Also, computational algorithms for analysis of these colossal data became a vital aspect of biological sciences. The work aims to show the process of turning bioscience innovation into companies and products, covering the basic science, the translation of science into technology. Due to rapid developments, there seems to be no basic difference between the pharmaceutical industry and the biotechnological industry. However, approve...
Plant-Rhizobia Symbiosis and Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes
The reciprocal exchange of chemical signals between legume and rhizobium leads to the establishment of Root Nodule Symbiosis (RNS). The discoveries of the Nodulation Factor (NF) and nod genes, along with the discoveries of the relevant genetic plant factors, have expanded our understanding of how legume-rhizobial interactions constitute a successful mutualistic symbiosis. Symbiotic nodule formation can be divided into the following molecular events: (i) the reciprocal exchange of signals; (ii) epidermal recognition of symbiotic partner and infection thread formation; (iii) nodule organogenesis; (iv) the establishment of a microaerophilic environment to provide nitrogenase the ideal condition to work; and, (v) modulation of immunity to host rhizobium inside the nodule cells. The number of nodules in a plant is maintained via a process of systemic signaling, known as ‘autoregulation of nodulation’ (AON), that acts as a negative signal to control nodule number in low nitrogen conditions and inhibit nodule initiation in an optimally nitrogen-fed plant. Over 200 plant genes have been discovered up to now and these discoveries have given us a broad understanding of RNS.
The Model Legume Medicago truncatula, 2 Volume Set
Fully covers the biology, biochemistry, genetics, and genomics of Medicago truncatula Model plant species are valuable not only because they lead to discoveries in basic biology, but also because they provide resources that facilitate translational biology to improve crops of economic importance. Plant scientists are drawn to models because of their ease of manipulation, simple genome organization, rapid life cycles, and the availability of multiple genetic and genomic tools. This reference provides comprehensive coverage of the Model Legume Medicago truncatula. It features review chapters as well as research chapters describing experiments carried out by the authors with clear materials and...
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is...
Plant Gene Silencing
This volume provides readers with a comprehensive review of various gene silencing methodologies and its applications. It provides a historical overview of gene silencing mechanisms in plants, vectors, and strategies available for plant gene silencing, practical applications of gene silencing, bioinformatics tools, and other resources. In addition to these review chapters, this book includes methodology for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in various different plant species, understanding plant stress responses using VIGS, miRNA identification, DNA interference, host-induced gene silencing, use of artificial miRNAs for gene silencing, high throughput RNAi, and more. Written in the highly ...
Progress in Botany Vol. 81
With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics and genomics, forests, and ecosystems.
The Chickpea Genome
This book sheds new light on the chickpea genome sequencing and resequencing of chickpea germplasm lines and provides insights into classical genetics, cytogenetics, and trait mapping. It also offers an overview of the latest advances in genome sequencing and analysis. The growing human population, rapid climate changes and limited amounts of arable land are creating substantial challenges in connection with the availability and affordability of nutritious food for smallholder farmers in developing countries. In this context, climate smart crops are essential to alleviating the hunger of the millions of poor and undernourished people living in developing countries. In addition to cereals, gr...
