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Essentials of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
Medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) are high-value crops since the natural products obtained from them are low-volume high-value commodities that have numerous applications in various sectors such as the food, beverage, food supplement, flavor and fragrance, perfumery and cosmetics, pharmaceutical and aromatherapy industries. In addition, the plant biomass is used in the production of teas and medical applications in traditional and also modern medicines. MACs are important mainly because they contain plant secondary metabolites such as essential oils, alkaloids, glygosides, saponins, tannins, vitamins and other bioactives. Plant secondary metabolites are differentiated from plant primary me...
Terpenes and Terpenoids
Terpenes belong to the diverse class of chemical constituents isolated from materials found in nature (plants, fungi, insects, marine organisms, plant pathogens, animals and endophytes). These metabolites have simple to complex structures derived from Isopentyl diphosphate (IPP), dimethyl allyl diphosphate (DMAPP), mevalonate and deoxyxylulose biosynthetic pathways. Terpenes play a very important role in human health and have significant biological activities (anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiallergic, skin permeation enhancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-insecticidal). This book gives an overview and highlights recent research in the phytochemical and biological understanding of terpenes and terpenoid and explains the most essential functions of these kinds of secondary metabolites isolated from natural sources.
Nano-Bioremediation for Water and Soil Treatment
This new volume addresses the global concern of environmental pollution mediated by a variety of organic, inorganic, persistent, and nonpersistent pollutants, which have a substantial detrimental impact on the structural and functional aspects of ecosystems. The book presents some important and recent nanotechnological advances that provide significant potential for decontamination of many polluted sites. It first provides the introductory background of nanoremediation and then delves into applications for the restoration of environmental sites that have been contaminated with a diverse range of pollutants, such as heavy metal, pesticides, and dyes in soil and water. This volume improves our knowledge of nanotechnology-based remediation to make it less hazardous and reusable. It provides valuable information on the decontamination of the soil and water resources.
Terpenes and Terpenoids
Terpenes belong to the diverse class of chemical constituents isolated from materials found in nature. They play a very important role in human health and have significant biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This book provides an overview and highlights recent research in the phytochemical and biological understanding of terpenes and terpenoids, examining the most essential functions of these kinds of secondary metabolites.
Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is a term derived from the Greek words for drug (pharmakon) and knowledge (gnosis). It is a field of study within Chemistry focused on natural products isolated from different sources and their biological activities. Research on natural products began more than a hundred years ago and has continued up to now with a plethora of research groups discovering new ideas and novel active constituents. This book compiles the latest research in the field and will be of interest to scientists, researchers, and students.
Phenolic Compounds
Phenolic compounds as a large class of metabolites found in plants have attracted attention since long time ago due to their properties and the hope that they will show beneficial health effects when taken as dietary supplements. This book presents the state of the art of some of the natural sources of phenolic compounds, for example, medicinal plants, grapes or blue maize, as well as the modern methods of extraction, quantification, and identification, and there is a special section discussing the treatment, removal, and degradation of phenols, an important issue in those phenols derived from the pharmaceutical or petrochemical industries.
Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body
Plants produce chemicals as part of their normal metabolic activities. These include primary metabolites found in all plants, such as sugars and fats, as well as secondary metabolites, which can have therapeutic effects in humans and be refined to produce drugs. Plants synthesize a bewildering variety of phytochemicals, but most are derivatives of a few biochemical motifs. Numerous herbal-derived substances have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These include alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, plant pigments and flavonoids. Flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins are probably the best known of these substances due to their antioxidant properties. Carotenoids: Structure and Functi...
Microbial Systematics
Microbial species isolated from extreme and pristine habitats are always diverse, which indicates biomolecules secreted by these species might have importance. A cure for disease is a desire considering the catastrophic situations that threaten the lives of humans and animals. Currently, the world is facing the health, social and economic, and diplomatic impacts of infectious communicable diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. It is a necessity to understand the huge microbial diversity residing everywhere with us in this world. Microorganisms are species that were born at the start of “life” and will stay after the end of all other forms of life in this world. This unseen majority has significant effects on the biogeochemical cycle as well as has numerous medical and non-medical applications. So, the ability of microorganisms to produce bioactive compounds and how they can be used in different fields, especially medicine and health care, have been discussed in this book.
