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The major purpose of this book is to clarify the importance of non-technological factors in innovation to cope with contemporary complex societal issues while critically reconsidering the relations between science, technology, innovation (STI), and society. For a few decades now, innovation—mainly derived from technological advancement—has been considered a driving force of economic and societal development and prosperity. With that in mind, the following questions are dealt with in this book: What are the non-technological sources of innovation? What can the progress of STI bring to humankind? What roles will society be expected to play in the new model of innovation? The authors argue ...
This book focuses on the essential scientific ideas and breakthroughs in the last three decades for organic solar cells that have realized practical applications. The motivation for publishing this book is to explain how those essential ideas have arisen and to provide a foundation for future progress by target readers—students, novices in the field, and scientists with expertise. The main topics covered in the book include the fundamental principles and history of organic solar cells, blended junction, nanostructure control, photocurrent generation, photovoltage generation, doping, practical organic solar cells, and possible ideas for the future. The editors enthusiastically anticipate the vigorous development of the field of organic solar cells by young scientists of the next generation.
This book opens the eyes of readers to the clear relationship between the molecular-sized structures and the macroscopic functions of organic devices. The discovery of novel phenomena and the mechanism of multiplied photocurrent generation in organic semiconductors, which can be applicable to amplification-type photosensors, are concisely summarized. The motivation for writing this book is to let readers know how the novel phenomena were discovered and how the novel concepts were created. The main features here include the discovery of photocurrent multiplication, the tunneling mechanism, the structural trap model, novel phenomena related to photocurrent multiplication, avalanche multiplication, and ideas for the future. This book is of interest to new and experienced scientists as well as graduate students. The author strongly hopes that the young scientists of the next generation will be enthusiastically inspired by this book and will develop the field of organic semiconductors even further.