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Practical Functional Urology
Functional urology is that part of urological practice which deals with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. Among the diseases that cause functional disorders are spina bifida, spinal cord injury, pelvic organ prolapse, and urethral strictures. This book on practical functional urology will help urologists, urogynecologists, and others to diagnose and treat these functional disorders. The theoretical background and scientific basis are summarized, but the emphasis is very much on clinical practice. Diagnosis and treatment are presented for a variety of conditions, including overactive bladder, detrusor underactivity, painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis, prostatitis, stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, urinary tract infections, and urethral disorders. The content is based on the EAU guidelines, and for each disorder, helpful tips and tricks are highlighted.
Microbiome Engineering
This reference book compiles the latest techniques and applications of microbiome engineering. Microbial communities interact dynamically with their hosts, creating a considerable impact on the host and their ecosystem. This book introduces readers to microbiomes and microbiome engineering. It covers topics like omics tools in microbial research, strategies to engineer human microbiomes, the application of synthetic biology to build smart microbes, and the future of microbiome engineering. It includes the application of microbiome engineering in improving human health, livestock, and agricultural productivity. The book is intended for researchers and students in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology.
Investigating the Elements of Plant Defense Mechanisms Within Plant Immune Responses Against Pathogens
Biotic stress can increase or reduce a plant's susceptibility to specific pathogens. A wide range of plant pathogens, i.e., viruses, bacteria, and fungi causing diseases, modulate different elements of plant defense mechanisms responses that influence disease and the physiological state of host plants. Nevertheless, plant hosts are not static and defenseless. Plants have developed active and dynamic complex defense mechanisms to protect themselves against different pathogenic stressors. Plants' defense mechanisms consist of multi-elements and can be determined by pre-formed, natural barriers or inducible defense responses directly activated upon detection of a pathogen. The inducible respons...
Flexible Ureteroscopy
This book describes basic information and current applications of flexible ureteroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of renal stones, covering topics on history, anatomy, preoperative preparation, clinical operation, and training for beginners. Basic as well as advanced techniques of flexible ureteroscopy for large renal stones, pediatric patients, and in special situations are presented in details with representative cases and high-resolution illustrations. In addition, disposable, wireless, and robotic flexible ureteroscopy are introduced in details to help readers to learn advanced techniques. It will be a useful reference for urologists, especially for those who are interested in improving their flexible ureteroscopy skills in clinical practice.
Percutaneous Renal Surgery
In the ever-evolving field of urology, percutaneous renal surgery (PCNL) for kidney stones stands at the forefront of innovation and excellence and offers an alternative to traditional open surgery. This book, Percutaneous Renal Surgery, delves into the intricacies of percutaneous renal surgery, providing a thorough exploration of the latest techniques, advancements, and best practices. Featuring contributions from international experts in the field, each chapter covers the key aspects of percutaneous renal surgery, including patient selection, preoperative evaluation, procedural nuances, postoperative care, and potential complications. From navigating renal anatomy to mastering the latest i...
Towards New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised clinically by various non-motor and progressive motor symptoms, pathologically by loss of dopamine producing cells and intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions composed primarily of ?-synuclein. By the time a patient first presents with symptoms of Parkinson's disease at the clinic, a significant proportion of the cells in the substantia nigra have already been destroyed. This degeneration progresses despite the current therapies until the cell loss is so great that the quality of normal life is compromised. The dopamine precursor levodopa is the most valuable drug currently available for the treatment of PD. However for most PD patients, the optimal clinical benefit from levodopa decreases around five to six years of treatment. The aim of the chapters of this book is to work towards an understanding in the mechanisms of degeneration and to develop disease modifying therapies.
Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Plants
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivative, an amino acid conjugate of JA (jasmonoyl isoleucine, JA-Ile), are signaling compounds involved in the regulation of defense and development in plants. The number of articles studying on JA has dramatically increased since the 1990s. JA is recognized as a stress hormone that regulates the plant response to biotic stresses such as herbivore and pathogen attacks, as well as abiotic stresses such as wounding and ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies have remarkably progressed the understanding of the importance of JA in the life cycle of plants. JA is directly involved in many physiological processes, including stamen growth, senescence, a...
