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Pandemi COVID19 bukanlah pandemi pertama yang disebabkan oleh virus. Sebutlah flu spanyol, cacar, hingga HIV yang telah menyebabkan jutaan kecacatan dan kematian. Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan semakin mempercepat para ilmuwan di seluruh dunia melakukan penelitian untuk mengenali virus, memproduksi vaksin dan mengupayakan pengobatan yang terbaik untuk mengatasi berbagai kasus karena virus tersebut. Semakin disadari bahwa penting sekali untuk mengetahui apa dan bagaimana virus hidup dan menyebabkan berbagai perubahan dalam tubuh manusia. Buku ini memuat pengetahuan dasar yang diperlukan dalam mempelajari virus, mulai dari sejarahnya, struktur dan sifat virus, respon imun manusia terhadap infeksi virus, hingga upaya manusia dalam mengidentifikasi dan berikhtiar mengendalikannya. Semoga buku ini dapat menjadi pijakan awal dalam memahami virus dan bagaimana manusia bereaksi untuk dapat hidup berdampingan dengannya.
This book is the definitive reference regarding the global status of melioidosis in 2018. Melioidosis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), so much so that it is not even included in the WHO list of NTDs. Yet modeling suggests that it kills more people worldwide every year than diseases that are much better known, such as leptospirosis and dengue. The reasons for this under-recognition are numerous, including the fact that it mainly affects the disadvantaged rural poor in areas that are poorly supplied with the diagnostic capability to make the diagnosis. In 22 separate articles, expert authors from around the world have summarized what is known about the burden of the disea...
Staphylococci remain the most important cause of hospital-acquiredinfections in the U.S. and MRSA has become the most common cause ofskin and soft tissue infection in many parts of the world. There is now a much greater understanding of the physiology andevolution of the staphylococci and this new edition reflects therapid advancements in knowledge about this pathogen and provides acomprehensive review from both clinical and basic scienceperspectives. The first section addresses the basic biology of thestaphylococci, their molecular genetics, host defenses and hostevasion, virulence determinants, mechanisms of antibioticresistance, and laboratory techniques. The second section dealswith epidemiology, and the third section provides an overview ofthe varied clinical manifestations of human staphylococcalinfections. The fourth section covers prevention and treatment ofthese often life-threatening infections. Written by experts from around the globe, this book is essentialreading for all clinicians and basic scientists studying thestaphylococci.
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Two of the hottest research topics today are hybrid nanomaterials and flexible electronics. As such, this book covers both topics with chapters written by experts from across the globe. Chapters address hybrid nanomaterials, electronic transport in black phosphorus, three-dimensional nanocarbon hybrids, hybrid ion exchangers, pressure-sensitive adhesives for flexible electronics, simulation and modeling of transistors, smart manufacturing technologies, and inorganic semiconductors.
The growing body of information on bacteria pathogenic for humans, mammals and plants generated within the past ten years has shown the interesting conservation of newly identified genes that playa direct role in the pathogenic mechanism. In addition to these genes, there are also genes that confer host specificities and other traits important in pathogenesis on these pathogens. In this volume, we have organized the subject areas to best fit the concept on the way bacterial pathogens recognize, interact and invade the host, on the regulation of genes involved in virulence, on the genes involved in the elaboration of toxins and other pathogenic components such as iron sequestering proteins, and on the mechanisms of circumventing the host defense systems. These areas are divided into Sections. Section I covers the first step when the pathogen seeks its host, and Sections II through VI cover subsequent steps leading to pathogenesis while avoiding host defenses. We conclude this work with a chapter summarizing information on examples of virulence mechanisms that are highly conserved.
Consumers demand food products with fewer synthetic additives but increased safety and shelf-life. These demands have increased the importance of natural antimicrobials which prevent the growth of pathogenic and spoilage micro-organisms. Edited by a leading expert in the field, this important collection reviews the range of key antimicrobials together with their applications in food processing. There are chapters on antimicrobials such as nisin and chitosan, applications in such areas as postharvest storage of fruits and vegetables, and ways of combining antimicrobials with other preservation techniques to enhance the safety and quality of foods.
Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella are the primary pathogens of concern with regard to powdered infant formula. Guidance for the control of these hazards is currently being developed by Codex Alimentarius through the revision of the Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practices for Foods for Infants and Children. FAO and WHO are providing the scientific advice to facilitate this work. FAO and WHO implemented the first meeting on this issue in 2004, the outcome of which is reported in number six of this series. This report builds on the information and advice provided in 2004. Following the analysis of new and additional information and the development of a more extensive risk assessment on E. sakazakii in powdered infant formula, this volume aims to provide the most up-to- date information on these microorganisms, the risk associated with their presence in powdered infant formula and scientific advice to facilitate the management of that risk.--Publisher's description.
Attempts to provide safer and higher quality fresh and minimally processed produce have given rise to a wide variety of decontamination methods, each of which have been extensively researched in recent years. Decontamination of Fresh and Minimally Processed Produce is the first book to provide a systematic view of the different types of decontaminants for fresh and minimally processed produce. By describing the different effects – microbiological, sensory, nutritional and toxicological – of decontamination treatments, a team of internationally respected authors reveals not only the impact of decontaminants on food safety, but also on microbial spoilage, vegetable physiology, sensory qual...