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Humanized Mice
The term humanized mouse in this text refers to a mouse in which human tissues and cells have been transplanted and show the same biological function as they do in the human body. That is, the physiological properties and functions of tra- planted human tissues and cells can be analyzed in the mouse instead of using a living human body. It should therefore be possible to study the pathophysiology and treatment of human diseases in mice with good reproducibility. Thus, the hum- ized mouse can be used as a potent tool in both basic and clinical research in the future. The development of appropriate immunodeficient mice has been indispensable in the creation of the humanized mouse, which has be...
Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects
Animal cell technology is a growing discipline of cell biology which aims not only to understand structures, functions and behaviors of differentiated animal cells, but also to ascertain their abilities to be used in industrial and medical purposes. The goal of animal cell technology includes accomplishments of clonal expansion of differentiated cells with useful ability, optimization of their culture conditions, modulation of their ability for production of medically and pharmaceutically important proteins and the application of animal cells to gene therapy, artificial organs and functional foods. This volume gives the readers a complete review of present state-of-the-art in Japan and other countries where this field is well advanced. The Proceedings will be useful for the cell biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, immunologists, biochemical engineers and other disciplines related to animal cell culture, working in either academic environments or in industries of biotechnology and pharmacy.
Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells
This book is the outcome of a meeting held in Davos, Switzerland, February 7-12, 1982 focused primarily on mononuclear phagocytes and on natural killer (NK) cells. This IX International RES Congress was attended by 489 scientists from 31 countries and there were 340 scientific presentations in oral or poster session. The essential purpose of the Congress was to bring together scientists representing various aspects of mononuclear phagocyte biology to review and examine cri~ically the effects and mechanisms of macrophage growth control as well as the participatio~ of these cells in the afferent and efferent limbs of the immune response. Additional topics included the production and distribution of mono nuclear phagocytes; the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of these cells; and the origin, nature, function and regulation of NK cells. The ultimate goal of the Congress was to enhance communication between scientists in various countries and disciplines so that new research directives could be defined with which to explore basic aspects of macrophage and NK cell participation in the control of cancer and infection.
Drug Discovery in Japan
This book analyzes the drug-discovery process in Japan, based on detailed case studies of 12 groups of 15 innovative drugs. It covers the first statin in the world up to the recent major breakthrough in cancer therapy, the recent immune checkpoint inhibitor, the scientific discovery for which a 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Prof. Tasuku Honjo, Kyoto University. The book shows the pervasive high uncertainty in drug discovery: frequent occurrences of unexpected difficulties, discontinuations, serendipities, and good luck, significantly because drug discovery starts when the underlying science is incomplete. Thus, there exist dynamic interactions between scientific p...
Progress Report
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The History of Neuroscience In Autobiography
This fifth book of autobiographical essays by distinguished senior neuroscientists includes contributions by Samuel H. Barondes, Joseph E. Bogen, Alan Cowey, David R. Curtis, Ennio De Renzi, John S. Edwards, Mitchell Glickstein, Carlton C. Hunt, Lynn T. Landmesser, Rodolfo Llinas, Alan Peters, Martin Raff, Wilfred Rall, Mark R. Rosenzweig, Arnold Bernard Scheibel, and Gerald Westheimer. This collection of fascinating essays should inform and inspire students and working scientists alike. The general reader interested in science may also find the essays absorbing, as they are essentially human stories about commitment and the pursuit of knowledge.
IgA Nephropathy Today
A further step towards unraveling this mysterious disease Primary IgA nephropathy has first been described as a new disease entity almost 40 years ago. This disorder, considered to be an immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, is characterized by granular deposition of IgA (mainly IgA1) and C3 in the glomerular mesangial areas and is defined as nephropathy showing proliferative changes in the glomerular mesangial cells and increases in the mesangial matrices. Apart from being one of the most common types of chronic glomerulonephritis, it is also the most frequent case of end-stage renal disease. But even though continuing efforts have gradually clarified various aspects of the pathogenes...
Immunobiology of Natural Killer Cell Receptors
Natural Killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes of the innate immune system. They are widespread throughout the body, being present in both lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. NK cells are involved in direct innate immune reactions against viruses, bacteria, parasites and other triggers of pathology, such as malignant transformation, all of which cause stress in affected cells. Importantly, NK cells also link the innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to the initiation of adaptive immune responses and executing adaptive responses using the CD16 FcgRIIIA immunoglobulin Fc receptor. Such responses are mediated through two major effector functions, the direct cytolysis of target cells and the production of cytokines and chemokines. The authors focus here on the nature of recognition events by NK cells and address how these events are integrated to trigger these distinct and graded effector functions.
