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Institutional Change in the Payments System and Monetary Policy
"Central bankers worldwide welcome the recent increase of research on payment systems. This volume, providing an expert overview on this timely subject, should be required reading for us all". - Erkki Liikanen, Governor of the Bank of Finland Monetary policy has been at the centre of economic research from the early stages of economic thought, but payment system research has attracted increased academic attention only in the past decade. This book’s succeeds in merging these two so far largely separated fields. Innovative and groundbreaking, Schmitz and Woods initiate research on the interdependence of institutional change in the payments system and monetary policy, examining the different...
Next Generation System-Wide Liquidity Stress Testing
A framework to run system-wide, balance sheet data-based liquidity stress tests is presented. The liquidity framework includes three elements: (a) a module to simulate the impact of bank run scenarios; (b) a module to assess risks arising from maturity transformation and rollover risks, implemented either in a simplified manner or as a fully-fledged cash flow-based approach; and (c) a framework to link liquidity and solvency risks. The framework also allows the simulation of how banks cope with upcoming regulatory changes (Basel III), and accommodates differences in data availability. A case study shows the impact of a "Lehman" type event for stylized banks.
Otto Neurath’s Economics in Context
Otto Neurath (1882-1945) was a highly unorthodox thinker both in philosophy and economics. The contributions to this sparkling new book conclude that Neurath touched on many of the most critical problems of economic theory during its formative years as a modern discipline. His economics provide insights into the foundational problems of modern economics and should encourage contemporary economic theorists to critically reflect their own hidden presumptions.
Bank Solvency and Funding Cost
This paper presents new evidence on the empirical relationship between bank solvency and funding costs. Building on a newly constructed dataset drawing on supervisory data for 54 large banks from six advanced countries over 2004–2013, we use a simultaneous equation approach to estimate the contemporaneous interaction between solvency and liquidity. Our results show that liquidity and solvency interactions can be more material than suggested by the existing empirical literature. A 100 bps increase in regulatory capital ratios is associated with a decrease of bank funding costs of about 105 bps. A 100 bps increase in funding costs reduces regulatory capital buffers by 32 bps. We also find evidence of non-linear effects between solvency and funding costs. Understanding the impact of solvency on funding costs is particularly relevant for stress testing. Our analysis suggests that neglecting the dynamic features of the solvency-liquidity nexus in the 2014 EU-wide stress test could have led to a significant underestimation of the impact of stress on bank capital ratios.
Liquidity, Risk Concentration and Network Structure in the Austrian Large Value Payment System
The objective of this paper is to present a statistical analysis of liquidity, risk concentration, and network structure in ARTIS. The main results of the analysis were: Despite sufficient aggregate liquidity, individual accounts were occasionally illiquid and payment delays occurred frequently. The disaggregated analysis of liquidity usage revealed that liquidity usage was highly heterogeneous across participants. These results demonstrate that conclusions drawn from aggregate liquidity data do not necessarily apply to the individual participant level. In general, the value and the number of payments received and submitted were quite concentrated among the top three banks and the top transfer account in the ARTIS system during the sample period. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of the network topology. An analysis of operational risk in the system (Schmitz et al. 2006) should focus on operational problems at the institutions with high payment concentration risk and high liquidity concentration risk to test for high impact scenarios.
Carl Menger and the Evolution of Payments Systems
First published in 1892, Carl Menger's article "Geld" ("Money") has been extremely influential on the thinking of today's neoclassical and New Institutionalist economic theorists, argue Latzer and Schmitz (both of the Research Unit for Institutional Change and European Integration at the Austrian Academy of Sciences). They present the first full English translation of the article (occupying nearly half the volume) alongside commentary by current theorists on the article's continuing relevance to theories about the origins and the future of money. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Institutional Change in the Payments System and Monetary Policy
"Central bankers worldwide welcome the recent increase of research on payment systems. This volume, providing an expert overview on this timely subject, should be required reading for us all". - Erkki Liikanen, Governor of the Bank of Finland Monetary policy has been at the centre of economic research from the early stages of economic thought, but payment system research has attracted increased academic attention only in the past decade. This book's succeeds in merging these two so far largely separated fields. Innovative and groundbreaking, Schmitz and Woods initiate research on the interdependence of institutional change in the payments system and monetary policy, examining the different c...
Otto Neurath’s Economics in Context
Otto Neurath (1882-1945) was a highly unorthodox thinker both in philosophy and economics. The contributions to this sparkling new book conclude that Neurath touched on many of the most critical problems of economic theory during its formative years as a modern discipline. His economics provide insights into the foundational problems of modern economics and should encourage contemporary economic theorists to critically reflect their own hidden presumptions.
The Assessment of Operational Risk in the Austrian Large Value Payment System Artis
The objective of this paper is to quantify the impact of an operational incident on the smooth functioning of ARTIS and on the operational reliability of the system by use of simulations. The analysis focuses on operational problems occurring in the realm of one of the participants. In this project we do not simulate an operational failure of the ARTIS platform itself. The scenarios are designed according to an ex-ante estimation of potential risk concentrations based on actual data for the sample period (Schmitz et al. 2006).The main finding of the simulations was - given the existing business continuity arrangements would prove effective - the high operational reliability of ARTIS. However, without the use of business continuity arrangements or in the case that they would not prove fully effective, the contagion effect on the smooth functioning of the payment system was substantial in all three scenarios. A non-negligible number of banks failed to settle payments.
The Governance of Occupational Pension Funds and the Politico-Economic Implications
This paper analyses the efficacy of the governance structure of occupational pension funds (Pensionskassen - PKs) in Austria. Based on the results of the analysis, it further investigates the politico-economic implications for the political and legislative process regarding recent changes to the relevant Act (Pensionskassengesetz - PKG). The first section explains the exclusion of the beneficiaries' interests from the institutional interest of the PKs' association, i.e. the distribution of power, by the underlying governance structure of PKs. This section focuses on the structural conflict of interest PKs face, namely between their beneficiaries and their shareholders (almost exclusively lar...
