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Other Others
In literary and cultural studies today, the term "the Other" appears to have largely lost its moorings in the primacy of the intersubjective encounter, focusing rather on the social construction of the Other. For Emmanuel Levinas, in contrast, the Other is precisely that which eludes construction and categorization. In a study that ranges from literature of ancient China, Greece, and Israel to modern Egypt, Italy, West Africa, and America, Steven Shankman tests Levinas's ideas by reading literary works from outside the Judeo-Christian orbit for figurations equivalent to Levinas's notion of the Other. He also places ethics at the center of intercultural—or, in his words, "transcultural"—comparative literature. In contemporary literary and cultural studies, it is often assumed that culture has the last word. However, as Levinas insists—and as Shankman argues throughout this book—it is ethics that is the "presupposition of all Culture," that is situated "before Culture."
In Search of the Classic
The &"classical,&" Steven Shankman argues, should not be confused with a particular historical period of Western antiquity, although it may owe its original articulation to the literary and philosophical explorations of ancient Greek authors. Shankman's book searches for and attempts to formulate the shape of the continuing presence&—as embodied in particular literary works mainly from Western antiquity and the neoclassical and modern periods&—of what the author calls a &"classical&" understanding of literature. For Shankman, literature, defined from a classical perspective, is a coherent, compelling, and rationally defensible representation that resists being reduced either to the mere ...
Turned Inside Out
In Turned Inside Out: Reading the Russian Novel in Prison, Steven Shankman reflects on his remarkable experience teaching texts by Fyodor Dostoevsky, Vasily Grossman, and Emmanuel Levinas in prison to a mix of university students and inmates. These persecuted writers—Shankman argues that Dostoevsky’s and Levinas’s experiences of incarceration were formative—describe ethical obligation as an experience of being turned inside out by the face-to-face encounter. Shankman relates this experience of being turned inside out to the very significance of the word “God,” to Dostoevsky’s tormented struggles with religious faith, to Vasily Grossman’s understanding of his Jewishness in his...
Talmudic Verses
In Talmudic Verses, Steven Shankman reflects on his own experience, and on contemporary events, through the lens of the ancient Babylonian Talmud, the crown jewel of the oral tradition of Judaism. He in effect "translates" the Hebrew and Aramaic of several tractates of the Talmud into the universal language of a poetry that ranges from ecstatic free verse to rhymed and unrhymed verse composed in iambic pentameter. Shankman brings the searching and profound ethical dilemmas posed by the ancient rabbis to life in moving, meditative verse.
Mourning Rituals in Archaic & Classical Greece and Pre-Qin China
This pivot compares mourning rituals in Archaic & Classical Greece and Pre-Qin China to illustrate some of the principles and methods used in comparative studies. It focuses on three main aspects of mourning of the dead before burial — lamentation, mourners’ gestures and behaviors, and mourning apparel — to demonstrate the cultural function, purpose, and social influence of mourning. A key comparative study of rituals at the heart of both Western and Chinese culture, this text highlights the cultural function and social influence of rituals of two ancient peoples and will be of interest to all scholars of comparative religion, sociology and anthropology.
Pope's "Iliad"
Explaining why the English Augustan Age could more accurately be called the Age of Passion than the Age of Reason, this book recovers the interpretive and stylistic aims of Pope and his contemporaries and addresses objections that have lost Pope's Iliad the audience it deserves. Controversial even before the appearance of the first of its six volumes in 1715, the work remains so today, little read in spite of Samuel Johnson's declaration that it is the noblest version [translation] of poetry the world has ever seen. Steven Shankman shows that Pope's translation embodies a much finer understanding of the sense and spirit of the original than has been generally recognized. Examining relevant d...
The Iliad of Homer, Volume 1
In his Preface to the Iliad, Alexander Pope declared that in his poetic invention Homer possessed "unequalled fire and rapture." Pope spent his formative years as a poet translating Homer, beginning with the Iliad, and in his translation he successfully found a style that answers the sublimity and grace of Homer. Steven Shankman provides scholarly critical apparatus for this Penguin English Poets edition, which is based on the 1743 edition that contains the poet’s final revisions. Pope’s Preface and the three indexes are also included. Most importantly, this edition makes available for the first time in paperback Pope’s notes in their entirety, enabling us to observe one poetic genius illuminate the work of another.
The Siren and the Sage
The cultures of ancient China and ancient Greece have exerted immeasurable influence on later civilizations. The texts and cultural values of classical China spread throughout East Asia and became the foundation of learning in Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Greek learning and culture receive credit for many of the intellectual paradigms of the West. Probably the one which is most distinctly Western is the tradition of logical proof and the related assumption that, as Aristotle put it in 'Metaphysics' 980, 'we all desire to know.' In contrast, the Chinese tradition, as exemplified by Laozi's 'Dao de jing,' cautions that through our desire to know we may forfeit wisdom, thus engendering a split bet...
In Search of the Classic
The &"classical,&" Steven Shankman argues, should not be confused with a particular historical period of Western antiquity, although it may owe its original articulation to the literary and philosophical explorations of ancient Greek authors. Shankman's book searches for and attempts to formulate the shape of the continuing presence&—as embodied in particular literary works mainly from Western antiquity and the neoclassical and modern periods&—of what the author calls a &"classical&" understanding of literature. For Shankman, literature, defined from a classical perspective, is a coherent, compelling, and rationally defensible representation that resists being reduced either to the mere ...
