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Computing in the Nordic countries started in late 1940s mainly as an engineering activity to build computing devices to perform mathematical calculations and assist mathematicians and engineers in scientific problem solving. The early computers of the Nordic countries emerged during the 1950s and had names like BARK, BESK, DASK, SMIL, SARA, ESKO, and NUSSE. Each of them became a nucleus in institutes and centres for mathematical computations programmed and used by highly qualified professionals. However, one should not forget the punched-card machine technology at this time that had existed for several decades. In addition, we have a Nordic name, namely Frederik Rosing Bull, contributing to ...
A one-stop shop for actuaries and risk managers, this handbook covers general solvency and risk management topics as well issues pertaining to the European Solvency II project. It focuses on the valuation of assets and liabilities, the calculation of capital requirement, and the calculation of the standard formula for the Solvency II project. The author describes valuation and investment approaches, explains how to develop models and measure various risks, and presents approaches for calculating minimum capital requirements based on CEIOPS final advice. Updates on solvency projects and issues are available at www.SolvencyII.nu
An annual volume presenting substantive survey articles in numerical analysis and scientific computing.
This book deals with numerical methods that preserve properties of Hamiltonian systems, reversible systems, differential equations on manifolds and problems with highly oscillatory solutions. A complete self-contained theory of symplectic and symmetric methods, which include Runge-Kutta, composition, splitting, multistep and various specially designed integrators, is presented and their construction and practical merits are discussed. The long-time behaviour of the numerical solutions is studied using a backward error analysis (modified equations) combined with KAM theory. The book is illustrated by numerous figures, treats applications from physics and astronomy, and contains many numerical experiments and comparisons of different approaches.