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Research projects are among the core components of many undergraduate and Masters degrees within environmental science and physical geography, and students increasingly undertake courses in quantitative research methodology before starting on their own assignment. This one-stop-shop text guides students through their research project from the initial stages of choosing a suitable topic, of conducting the relevant experiments and interpreting the data, through to effective presentation of the results. Takes a case-study approach to illustrate the range of environmental science topics, with cases supplied by specialists in the field. Practical worked examples and self-assessment tasks illustrate key statistical and mathematical points so as to keep heavy theory to a minimum Covers software such as Excel, SPSS and mathematical modelling, and includes statistical tables
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) continue to be the subject of concern amongst the public, as well as the scientific and policy-making communities. These concerns are exemplified by the international efforts co-ordinated by the United Nations' Environment Programme and the +Economic Commission for Europe. Whilst the ultimate origin of this concern is the adverse effects of persistent organic pollutants in both humans and wildlife, there are other factors involved. In particular, whilst ambient concentrations of POPs in air and water present little direct hazard via inhalation and ingestion respectively, their propensity for transfer through the food chain means that species at the top of...
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms and are toxic to humans and wildlife. The Stockholm Convention on POPs is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from POPs which came into force in 2004. Currently, twelve substances or substance groups are included under the Stockholm Convention, but there is a case for including new and emerging POPs such as brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated substances. This book considers these two new pollutants, together with the emerging area of chirality and its applications as an environmental forensics tool, and the topic of POPs contamination of indoor environments.
Chlorinated Organic Micropollutants addresses the sources, environmental cycles, uptake, consequences and control of many of the more important chlorinated organic micropollutants, including PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs and various chlorinated pesticides, all of which have given widespread cause for concern in relation to their environmental persistence and high toxicity, and their potential for adverse effects on humans and wildlife. Rational decision making over chlorinated organic micropollutants in the environment must be based upon sound science. This volume draws upon the expertise of some of the most distinguished workers in the field, to review current knowledge of the sources, environmental concentrations and pathways, human toxicity and ecotoxicology, and control methods for these groups of compounds. Chlorinated Organic Micropollutants gives a unique and valuable compilation of information on an extremely important group of environmental pollutants. It is fully up-to-date, and will provide a comprehensive overview of this topical subject that will be useful for years to come, to academic, student and professional alike.
Time-activity diaries kept by members of the general public indicate that on average people spend around 90% of their time indoors, this is associated with considerable exposure to air pollutants. Given its importance as a source of air pollution exposure, increasing attention is being given to pollution of the indoor environment. This volume will consider both chemical and biological pollutants in the indoor atmosphere from their sources to chemical and physical transformations, human exposure and potential effects on human health.
Chronic ethylbenzene exposures and attendant potential health risks for United States children and prospective parents were first evaluated under the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Voluntary Children’s Chemical Evaluation Program. Using updated data and methods, a 2015 reevaluation observed declines in ethylbenzene releases and concentrations in ambient and indoor air. Both assessments identified inhalation as the dominant exposure route and smoking as the greatest contributor, with dietary intake much lower. Children’s exposure concentrations were similar to that of adults, but their intakes were higher. Neither breastfeeding nor toy mouthing was a significant source....
What goes around, comes around. This old wisdom holds especially true for new issues--issues related to the quality and sustainability of our lifestyles. While all of us want healthy living for ourselves and our families, the foundation of such a desire is clean air and water and good, wholesome food. Yet the choices we make, whether those choices are related to transportation, nutrition or general consumption, often result in the release of toxins into our atmosphere, water or food chain. As responsible, well-meaning people, how do we understand where these toxins come from and the impact of our personal choices? And what should we do to ensure a healthy home? The issue is not too little in...
In Acquiring Modernity, Paul B. Paolucci, updating classical theory, examines the nature of modern society. Investigated from a sociological perspective but written in accessible everyday language, this book provides a multifaceted account of what makes modern society what it is, from its historical roots to its current conditions. Neither traditional classroom text nor a work of detailed erudition for the specialist few, Acquiring Modernity draws on material from known historical events, scholarly research, and recent global developments to tell modernity’s story through topics such as the modern classes, religious practice, relations of gender and race, politics, environmental issues, and economic crises. Valuable reading for anyone interested in understanding contemporary life and society.
“Informed, utterly blindsiding account.” - Booklist, starred review It’s falling from the sky and in the air we breathe. It’s in our food, our clothes, and our homes. It’s microplastic and it’s everywhere—including our own bodies. Scientists are just beginning to discover how these tiny particles threaten health, but the studies are alarming. In A Poison Like No Other, Matt Simon reveals a whole new dimension to the plastic crisis, one even more disturbing than plastic bottles washing up on shores and grocery bags dumped in landfills. Dealing with discarded plastic is bad enough, but when it starts to break down, the real trouble begins. The very thing that makes plastic so use...
Environmental risk factors – noise, air pollution, chemical agents, and ultraviolet radiation – impact human health by contributing to the onset and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Accordingly, there is need for preclinical and clinical studies and comprehensive summary of major findings. This book is a state-of-the-art summary of these myriad severe life stressors. The chapters on the different pollutants focus on disease mechanisms (cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic disorders) and on oxidative stress and inflammation. The editors emphasize emerging mechanisms based on dysregulation of the circadian clock, the microbiome, epigenetic pathways, and cognitive function by environmental stressors, and introduce the exposome concept while highlighting existing research gaps. Key Features: Links various environmental stressors to the incidence of noncommunicable diseases Includes chapters on airborne toxins, chemical pollutants, noise, and ultraviolet radiation stressors Contributions from an international team of leading researchers Summarizes the impacts of stressors on disease mechanisms