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Modern molecular -omics tools (metagenomics, metaproteomics etc.) have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity and function in the world’s oceans. These tools are now increasingly applied to host-associated environments to describe the symbiotic microbiome and obtain a holistic view of marine host-microbial interactions. Whilst all eukaryotic hosts are likely to benefit from their microbial associates, marine sessile eukaryotes, including macroalgae, seagrasses and various invertebrates (sponges, acidians, corals, hydroids etc), rely in particular on the function of their microbiome. For example, marine sessile eukaryotes are under constant ...
S. oneidensis MR-1 is a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium. Under anaerobic conditions S. oneidensis MR-1 attaches to insoluble minerals such as Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides and can use these as alternative electron acceptors. Biofilms of S. oneidensis MR- 1 were previously found to be dependent on the mxd gene cluster (mxdABCD). This study identified environmental and genetic factors regulating mxd -dependent and -independent biofilm formation in S. oneidensis MR-1 and a putative function for mxdB in LPS biosynthesis. Physiological experiments determined electron donor starvation as a factor responsible for mxd induction. Tn5 mutagenesis identified the two-component signaling system (TC...
Short Blurb This handbook covers the different aspects of the aquatic environment, microbiology, and microbial applications. It highlights the role of microorganisms as pollution indicators and as bio-control agents. The book covers the impact of pollution on microorganisms, biofilms, cyanobacterial blooms, and the metagenomics approach to isolate microbes. Standard Blurb This comprehensive handbook covers the different aspects of the aquatic environment, microbiology, and microbial applications. The world’s aquatic environment is facing a serious threat due to inappropriate planning, implementation, and management. This book compiles effective strategies for managing the aquatic environme...
Challenging portrayals of Japan as a whaling nation, Holm shows that anti-whaling protests were widespread in early modern Northeast Japan.
Marine bacteria and archaea are key players in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, carbon, and other elements. One important lineage of marine bacteria is the Roseobacter group. Members of this clade are the most abundant bacteria in marine ecosystems constituting up to 25% of the marine bacterioplankton. They have been detected in various marine habitats from coastal regions to deep-sea sediments and from polar regions to tropical latitudes. These bacteria are physiologically and genetically very versatile. Utilization of several organic and inorganic compounds, sulfur oxidation, aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis, carbon monoxide oxidation, DMSP demethylation, and production of secondary metabolites are some of the important functional traits found in this clade. Moreover, several isolates are available allowing in-depth analysis of physiological and genetic characteristics. Although the Roseobacter group has been intensively studied in recent years, our understanding of its ecological contributions and the evolutionary processes shaping the genomes of this clade is still rather limited.
Biofilms affect the lives of all of us, growing as they do for example on our teeth (as plaque), on catheters and medical implants in our bodies, on our boats and ships, in food processing environments, and in drinking and industrial water treatment systems. They are highly complex biological communities whose detailed structure and functioning is only gradually being unravelled, with the development of increasingly sophisticated technology for their study. Biofilms almost always have a negative impact on human affairs (flocs in sewage treatment plants are a major exception) and a lot of research is being carried out to gain a better understanding of them, so that we will be in a better position to control them. This volume, with contributions by international experts from widely diverse areas of this field, presents a state-of-the-art picture of where we are at present in terms of our knowledge of biofilms, the techniques being used to study them, and possible strategies for controlling their growth more successfully. It should provide a valuable reference source for information on biofilms and their control for many years to come.