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Abductive Inference
This book is about abduction, 'the logic of Sherlock Holmes', and about how some kinds of abductive reasoning can be programmed in a computer. The work brings together Artificial Intelligence and philosophy of science and is rich with implications for other areas such as, psychology, medical informatics, and linguistics. It also has subtle implications for evidence evaluation in areas such as accident investigation, confirmation of scientific theories, law, diagnosis, and financial auditing. The book is about certainty and the logico-computational foundations of knowledge; it is about inference in perception, reasoning strategies, and building expert systems.
Introduction to Ethics Comic
Introduction to Ethics Comic is an introductory textbook on ethics. It comes from Dr. Susan Josephson's experiences teaching philosophy to undergraduates at the Columbus College of Art and Design. At the beginning of each chapter are introductory explanations of the different ethical philosophies and at the end are questions to help the reader digest the philosophies and articulate their own ideas about morality. The middle section of each chapter is a comic where the characters, college roommates, apply the different ethical theories to their lives. By embedding traditional philosophies (ethical egoism, utilitarianism, rule deontology, Kant's categorical imperative, Aristotle's theory of virtue, Ethical relativism, existentialism) and the issues they raise in real life situations, the story stimulates the reader to think through their own moral attitudes and form their own opinions about morality. Is morality about actions and consequences, or about following moral rules, or developing virtue? Are there absolute moral principles that are true for everyone? What is the meaning of life?
Prophesy, Spirits, Trance; a Shaman Guidebook
In this Shaman Guidebook, Dr Josephson uses her own experiences to explain the shaman death/rebirth that opens the way of bliss and frees shaman from the ego identity that makes their activities dangerous. Using her memories of past lives as examples, she discusses reincarnation, the karma that goes from life to life, and controlling your path through the bardo. From her experiences as a prophet, she explains how to do prophecy, what fate is, and how to shape it. From her experiences of the Greater Reality, especially from leading trance sessions as described in her book, Calling Spirits With Posture Trance, Dr. Josephson discusses spirits, ghosts, deities, dealing with negative energies, negative spirits, and interpreting signs, visions, and dreams. Detailed descriptions of how to do Posture Trance sessions in person and on line are also included.
From Idolatry to Advertising: Visual Art and Contemporary Culture
This book records the conclusions that I came to as I thought through the cultural evolution of each of the different sorts of visual art and tried to piece together their story from the perspective of philosophy. Chapter 1 discusses how culture shapes art to be what it is from the outside, like a mold shapes clay, and the great power of art to affect the way we think and to promote cultural change. Chapter 2 discusses the evolution of Fine Art from its birth in the Renaissance to its present old age and decline. Chapter 3 discusses the institutional structures that make art for popular taste its own sort of art, and the culture wars over censorship and whether public art should be Fine Art,...
Calling Spirits with Posture Trance
Calling Spirits with Posture Trance: Recorded in ancient art are postures (Ritual Body Postures) that when held in trance become doorways into alternate realities. People have visions using Posture Trances; they visit the dead, they contact spirits for help and advice, they change shape, receive healing, and more. Susan Josephson¿s mother, the anthropologist Felicitas D. Goodman discovered these postures and introduced her daughter to them. For thirty years Susan kept a diary of unusual events including what happened at the trance sessions she led. When she retired from being a Philosophy Professor, Susan wrote up these true encounters, telling the story of nine Postures and her experiences as shaman with the spirit worlds they opened.
Weighing Interpretations in Science, Biblical Studies, and Life
This book describes how we find and compare different theories in science, Biblical studies, and everyday life. It offers a new method of diagramming arguments that helps investigators discuss and assess competing interpretations, demonstrating its usefulness with detailed test cases from Biblical studies.
Content Analysis
Since the publication of the First Edition of Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, the textual fabric in which contemporary society functions has undergone a radical transformation - namely, the ongoing information revolution. Two decades ago, content analysis was largely known in journalism and communication research, and, to a lesser extent, in the social and psychological sciences. Today, content analysis has become an efficient alternative to public opinion research - a method of tracking markets, political leanings, and emerging ideas, a way to settle legal disputes, and an approach to explore individual human minds. The Third Edition of Content Analysis remains the def...
The Burdens of Proof
This book explores contemporary thinking on the evidential requirements that are critical for practical decision-making.
Reasoning in Biological Discoveries
Reasoning in Biological Discoveries brings together a series of essays, which focus on one of the most heavily debated topics of scientific discovery. Collected together and richly illustrated, Darden's essays represent a groundbreaking foray into one of the major problems facing scientists and philosophers of science. Divided into three sections, the essays focus on broad themes, notably historical and philosophical issues at play in discussions of biological mechanism; and the problem of developing and refining reasoning strategies, including interfield relations and anomaly resolution. Darden summarizes the philosophy of discovery and elaborates on the role that mechanisms play in biological discovery. Throughout the book, she uses historical case studies to extract advisory reasoning strategies for discovery. Examples in genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, neuroscience and evolutionary biology reveal the process of discovery in action.
A Philosophy of Evidence Law
This book examines the legal and moral theory behind the law of evidence and proof, arguing that only by exploring the nature of responsibility in fact-finding can the role and purpose of much of the law be fully understood. Ho argues that the court must not only find the truth to do justice, it must do justice in finding the truth.
