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This study highlights the interaction between social protection (SP) programs and labor markets in the Latin America region. It presents new evidence on the limited coverage of existing programs and emphasizes the challenges caused by high informality for achieving universal social protection for old age income, health, unemployment risks and anti-poverty safety nets. It identifies interaction effects between SP programs and the behavioral responses of workers, firms and social protection providers, which can further undermine efforts to expand coverage, summarizing evidence from recent work across the region. The book argues for a re-design of financing to eliminate cross subsidies between ...
While Asia’s growth record in recent decades is remarkable, it has been marred by rising inequalities. This book looks at recent trends of income and non-income inequalities in developing Asian countries, discusses their underlying driving forces, and examines key policy issues that need to be addressed to ensure that the benefits of growth will be more equitably shared in Asia. The book also presents a set of country studies that provide rich information on growth, poverty and inequality dynamics and the policy challenges that arise in marching toward inclusive growth.
One of the global targets of WHO’s End TB Strategy is that no TB patients and their households face catastrophic costs as a result of TB disease. This book provides comprehensive documentation about 20 national surveys of costs faced by TB patients and their households that were completed between 2015 and 2021, according to WHO-recommended methods. Results include estimates of the proportion of TB patients and their households facing catastrophic costs, as well as a wealth of other data. It is hoped that the book will serve as a key reference for ministries of health and other government agencies, and their national and international partners, as they work towards reducing costs faced by TB patients and their households. The book was a collaborative effort of the 20 countries in which surveys were done and their technical partners, with contributions from more than 300 people.
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This volume spotlights recent advances in the worldwide use of quantitative performance measures in the public sector, especially approaches that incorporate program evaluation techniques. Chapters include single-country case studies, multi-country comparisons, and thoughtful essays on the challenges of making performance measurement and management work in diverse settings.
The results of the report clearly show that in 2020, a year dominated by the emergence of COVID-19 and its associated health and economic crises, governments around the world rose to the challenge. Sharp increases in government spending on health at all country income levels underpinned the rise in health spending to a new high of US $9 trillion (approximately 11% of global GDP). Government health spending generally increased and offset declines in out-of-pocket spending. Importantly, the rise in government health spending was part of a much broader fiscal response to the pandemic. In high income and upper-middle income countries social protection spending also increased sharply in as govern...
This document provides detailed advice in support of implementation of version 2.0 of the Health Financing Progress Matrix (HFPM) released in December 2020, detailed in Assessing country health financing systems: the health financing progress matrix. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. The HFPM is WHO’s standardized qualitative approach to assessing country health financing systems, and comprises two stages. Stage 1 provides a descriptive landscape of the different coverage schemes and programmes in the health system, including how the health budget is organized. Stage 2 comprises thirty-three questions which look in detail at the way health financing institutions and policies are organized, and how they are implemented. For each question the guide discusses why it is important to ask, and what progress looks like, together with country illustrations. Thoughts on information sources and quantitative indicators which can support the assessment are also provided.
Although Ethiopia has made steady progress in health outcomes over the past 10 years, some health challenges remain, particularly those related to maternal health. In part this may be linked to the insufficient number of health professionals providing maternal care services, particularly in the rural parts of the country.