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Wahhabism and the Rise of the House of Saud
This book examines the role of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792) and his successors in reconsolidating the religious principles of Wahhabism. It explains the role of the Saudi princes in crystallizing the core of the SaudiWahhabi political entity within their tribal society. Key to this explanation is the interrelation between sedentary and nomadic populations and the consequent impact on the development of Saudi political entities prior to the emergence of the Saudi Kingdom. Texts of Wahhabi scholars are compared with those of the early Hanbali scholars, pinpointing the new religious elements introduced to foster the Wahhabi creed. Discussion focuses on the first and second generations...
The Higher Objectives of Islamic Theology
In the Islamic tradition, fiqh (Islamic law) is generally regarded as the science of furū'al-dīn (matters complementary to the Islamic faith), as opposed to kalām (Islamic theology) which is known as the science of uṣūl al-dīn (matters primary to the Islamic faith). Over time, however, fiqh has significantly surpassed Kalām in terms of cognitive maturation and epistemic development. In The Higher Objectives of Islamic Theology, Mohammed Gamal Abdelnour argues that far too little attention has been paid to parallel developments in Islamic theology. Consequently, the theological project in the Islamic tradition has largely become limited to definitions and deliberations about the natur...
Accusations of Unbelief in Islam
The present volume—the first of its kind—deals with takfīr: accusing one ́s opponents of unbelief (kufr). Originating in the first decades of Islam, this practice has been applied intermittently ever since. The nineteen studies included here deal with cases, covering different periods and parts of the Muslim world, of individuals or groups that used the instrument of takfīr to brand their opponents—either persons, groups or even institutions—as unbelievers who should be condemned, anathematized or even persecuted. Each case presented is placed in its sociopolitical and religious context. Together the contributions show the multifariousness that has always characterized Islam and the various ways in which Muslims either sought to suppress or to come to terms with this diversity. With contributions by: Roswitha Badry, Sonja Brentjes, Brian J. Didier, Michael Ebstein, Simeon Evstatiev, Ersilia Francesca, Robert Gleave, Steven Judd, István T. Kristó-Nagy, Göran Larsson, Amalia Levanoni, Orkhan Mir-Kasimov, Hossein Modarressi, Justyna Nedza, Intisar A. Rabb, Sajjad Rizvi, Daniel de Smet, Zoltan Szombathy, Joas Wagemakers.
Wahhābism
An essential history of Wahhābism from its founding to the Islamic State In the mid-eighteenth century, a controversial Islamic movement arose in the central Arabian region of Najd that forever changed the political landscape of the Arabian Peninsula and the history of Islamic thought. Its founder, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, taught that most professed Muslims were polytheists due to their veneration of Islamic saints at tombs and gravesites. He preached that true Muslims, those who worship God alone, must show hatred and enmity toward these polytheists and fight them in jihād. Cole Bunzel tells the story of Wahhābism from its emergence in the 1740s to its taming and coopting by the ...
Salafism in the Maghreb
The Arab Maghreb-the long stretch of North Africa that expands from Libya to Mauritania-is a vitally important region that impacts the security and politics of Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and the broader Middle East. As Middle East scholars Frederic Wehrey and Anouar Boukhars show in Salafism in the Maghreb, it is also home to the conservative, literalist interpretation of Islam known as Salafism, which has emerged as a major social and political force. Through extensive interviews and fieldwork, Wehrey and Boukhars examine the many roles and manifestations of Salafism in the Maghreb, looking at the relationship between Salafism and the Maghreb's ruling regimes, as well as competing Islamist currents, increasingly youthful populations, and communal groups like tribes and ethno-linguistic minorities. They pay particular attention to how seemingly immutable Salafi ideology is often shaped by local contexts and opportunities. Informed by rigorous research, deep empathy, and unparalleled access to Salafi adherents, clerics, politicians, and militants, Salafism in the Maghreb offers a definitive account of this important Islamist current.
Wahhabism and the World
There is a long-running debate about whether Saudi Arabia exportation of its highly conservative form of Islam known as Wahhabism has distorted or "corrupted" more moderate forms of Islam around the world. This volume is the first study to explore this question in detail based on social science research.
Saudi Arabia and Iraq as Friends and Enemies
Saudi Arabia and Iraq have a shared history, as both friends and enemies at one and the same time, and their growth as modern nation-states must be understood in that joint context. This book establishes a new narrative and timeline for bilateral relations between the two countries, while examining the work of other Arab and Western scholars, in order to excavate the biases underlying so much previous work on this topic. In doing so, it proposes a new way of looking at state formation and boundaries in the Middle East, by showing how the interactions of regional neighbors left an indelible imprint on the domestic politics of one another. The two different visions for managing the border that...
Islamism in the Modern World
Islamism in the Modern World is an accessible, student-oriented introduction to the debates surrounding the historic origins of contemporary Islamism. It explores controversies surrounding contemporary Islamists' indebtedness to various European and Islamic thinkers, as well situating debates concerning the relationship between political Islam, violence and democracy in an historic context. W. J. Berridge explores the continuities, discontinuities, and the impacts of long term social, economic and political change on the nature of Islamism as an ideology. Readers are encouraged to subject the claims of current commentators to the scrutiny of historical analysis, exploring the complexities of...
الثورات العربية: عسر التحوّل الديمقراطي ومآلاته
ضمن سلسلة دراسات التحول الديمقراطي، صدر عن المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات كتاب ا"لثورات العربية: عسر التحول الديمقراطي ومآلاته"، وقد تضمن بحوثًا قُدمت في مؤتمر "خمس سنوات على الثورات العربية: عسر التحول الديمقراطي ومآلاته"، الذي عقده المركز في بيروت خلال الفترة 21-23 كانون الثاني/ يناير 2016، بالتعاون مع معهد عصام فارس للسياسات العامة والشؤون الدولية - الجامعة الأميركية.
Weltgeschichte der Religionen
Seit Urzeiten erkunden Menschen den Willen der Götter, befolgen deren heilige Ordnung und hoffen auf Erlösung. Bernhard Maier beschreibt anschaulich die Geschichte der Religionen von den frühesten Grabkulten über die Weltbilder des Alten Orients und den Monotheismus bis zu den heutigen Religionskonflikten und der individuellen Suche vieler Menschen nach Heil. Wann sind die Religionen entstanden, und warum gibt es sie (fast) überall auf der Welt? Bernhard Maier erzählt die Geschichte der Religionen von den archäologisch nachweisbaren Anfängen bis heute. Dabei gelingt es ihm meisterhaft, die Eigenheiten großer und kleiner Religionen prägnant zu porträtieren, parallele Entwicklungen in Schlüsselepochen deutlich zu machen und Mythologien, Zeitvorstellungen oder heilige Stätten miteinander zu vergleichen. Wer seinen eindrucksvollen Überblick gelesen hat, wird besser verstehen, warum Religionen auch heute noch so machtvoll sind und selbst eingefleischte Skeptiker zutiefst faszinieren.
