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In epizootics of channel catfish virus diseasse (CCVD) at four widely separated fish farms in 1968, affected fry and fingerlings spiraled, hung in a vertical position with head at the surface, or were distressed. In various combinations were edema, hemorrages, and anemia. The disease had a peracute to acute course, and stress to the fish preceded most epizootics. The virus induced formation of syncytial cells in affected cultures, which is considered at present to be of diagnostic significance. Secondary bacterial infections were found in fish with CCVD. Columnaris infection masked the symptoms of the virus disease.
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The 1970 fall chinook salmon feeding trials indicated that dry pelleted diets were equal to moist pelleted diets with similar formulations. A superior diet was produced by reducing the ratio of dried whey product and wheat germ meal to 1:1 and eliminating cottonseed meal. This formulation feed at a 45-percent protein level was more efficient than other protein levels fed. Growth was not reduced when the soybean oil supplement was lowered from 6 to 2 percent of the diet. Two corn distillers' products that were substituted as partial replacements for dried whey product did not enhance fish growth. Storage of the Abernathy dry pellet at room temperature did not alter the nutritional adequacy of the diet.
Feeding trials using fall chinook salmon finglerlings were conducted at the Salmon Cultural Laboratory, Longview, Washington, during 1971 for the purpose of improving the Abernathy diet formula. The results indicated that cottonseed meal could replace a portion of the fish meal in the diet without reducing fish growth, but similar substitutions of wheat and corn gluten meal reduced growth. Fish growth was significantly increased when a diet containing 50 percent protein and 3,350 kcal per kilogram was fed as compared with a diet containing 45 percent protein and 3,350 kcal per kilogram. Soybean lecithin proved to be equal to soybean oil as a caloric source when fed at 2 percent of the diet. Two types of dried whey product with different levels of lactose content produced similar growth response. Reducing the dried whey portion of the diet to 5 percent did not affect growth, nor did methionine supplementation produce any effects. Anchovy meal was unsuitable as a replacement for herring meal.
This handbook is intended as a general list of procedures and subprocedures used by the Fish Pesticide Research Laboratory in the processing of fish and other aquatic samples for pesticide residue analysis.
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Striped bass from the Apalachicola and St. Johns Rivers in Florida were compared taxonomically with striped bass from other drainages on the Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico. Both rivers contain endemic striped bass populations. The Apalachicola River population was found to be a separate race. Sexually mature striped bass from the St. Johns were induced to spawn using hormonal injections. Few fry were produced due to extreme temperature fluctuations. Reproduction requirements and factors limiting the abundance of striped bass in Florida are discussed.
The total number of adult fish in Lake Frances Case, a main steam Missouri River Reservoir, has declined since impoundment in 1952. Goldeye, channel catfish, and northern redhorse have probably remained the same; emerald shiner, white bass, walleye, and possibly flathead catfish have increased. The sauger population began to decline at about the time walleye numbers increased. Some species formerly present have become rare. Forage species in the reservoir were gizzard shad, emerald shiner, and yellow perch, but these were not present in large enough numbers to provide an abundant forage fish population.