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Get an introduction to functional data structures using R and write more effective code and gain performance for your programs. This book teaches you workarounds because data in functional languages is not mutable: for example you’ll learn how to change variable-value bindings by modifying environments, which can be exploited to emulate pointers and implement traditional data structures. You’ll also see how, by abandoning traditional data structures, you can manipulate structures by building new versions rather than modifying them. You’ll discover how these so-called functional data structures are different from the traditional data structures you might know, but are worth understandin...
Learn how to manipulate functions and expressions to modify how the R language interprets itself. This book is an introduction to metaprogramming in the R language, so you will write programs to manipulate other programs. Metaprogramming in R shows you how to treat code as data that you can generate, analyze, or modify. R is a very high-level language where all operations are functions and all functions are data that can be manipulated. This book shows you how to leverage R's natural flexibility in how function calls and expressions are evaluated, to create small domain-specific languages to extend R within the R language itself. What You'll Learn Find out about the anatomy of a function in R Look inside a function call Work with R expressions and environments Manipulate expressions in R Use substitutions Who This Book Is For Those with at least some experience with R and certainly for those with experience in other programming languages.
Discover best practices for data analysis and software development in R and start on the path to becoming a fully-fledged data scientist. This book teaches you techniques for both data manipulation and visualization and shows you the best way for developing new software packages for R. Beginning Data Science in R details how data science is a combination of statistics, computational science, and machine learning. You’ll see how to efficiently structure and mine data to extract useful patterns and build mathematical models. This requires computational methods and programming, and R is an ideal programming language for this. This book is based on a number of lecture notes for classes the aut...
Learn approaches of computational thinking and the art of designing algorithms. Most of the algorithms you will see in this book are used in almost all software that runs on your computer. Learning how to program can be very rewarding. It is a special feeling to seeing a computer translate your thoughts into actions and see it solve your problems for you. To get to that point, however, you must learn to think about computations in a new way—you must learn computational thinking. This book begins by discussing models of the world and how to formalize problems. This leads onto a definition of computational thinking and putting computational thinking in a broader context. The practical coding...
Evolution is driven by random mutations and natural selection. Mutations add variety to a species, and natural selection takes that variety, picks the best and gets rid of the rest, to adapt the species to its environment. We cannot predict where mutations strike, but if we know what they can potentially affect, and we know a species' environment, then we can attempt to predict where natural selection will go, and how a species might evolve.We know how the human species evolved over many millions of years, and that it evolved in an environment very different from where we are now. We live in urban areas, our ancestors did not. Medicine gives us a longer and healthier life than we had in our past. We are adapted to one environment, and we now have to adapt to a new one. Where will evolution take us over the next million years?
Gain a better understanding of pointers, from the basics of how pointers function at the machine level, to using them for a variety of common and advanced scenarios. This short contemporary guide book on pointers in C programming provides a resource for professionals and advanced students needing in-depth hands-on coverage of pointer basics and advanced features. It includes the latest versions of the C language, C20, C17, and C14. You’ll see how pointers are used to provide vital C features, such as strings, arrays, higher-order functions and polymorphic data structures. Along the way, you’ll cover how pointers can optimize a program to run faster or use less memory than it would otherwise. There are plenty of code examples in the book to emulate and adapt to meet your specific needs. What You Will Learn Work effectively with pointers in your C programming Learn how to effectively manage dynamic memory Program with strings and arrays Create recursive data structures Implement function pointers Who This Book Is For Intermediate to advanced level professional programmers, software developers, and advanced students or researchers. Prior experience with C programming is expected.
In this handy, practical book you will cover each concept concisely, with many illustrative examples. You'll be introduced to several R data science packages, with examples of how to use each of them. In this book, you’ll learn about the following APIs and packages that deal specifically with data science applications: readr, dibble, forecasts, lubridate, stringr, tidyr, magnittr, dplyr, purrr, ggplot2, modelr, and more. After using this handy quick reference guide, you'll have the code, APIs, and insights to write data science-based applications in the R programming language. You'll also be able to carry out data analysis. What You Will LearnImport data with readrWork with categories using forcats, time and dates with lubridate, and strings with stringrFormat data using tidyr and then transform that data using magrittr and dplyrWrite functions with R for data science, data mining, and analytics-based applicationsVisualize data with ggplot2 and fit data to models using modelr Who This Book Is For Programmers new to R's data science, data mining, and analytics packages. Some prior coding experience with R in general is recommended.
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Discover how to write manuscripts in Markdown and translate them with Pandoc into different output formats. You’ll use Markdown to annotate text formatting information with a strong focus on semantic information: you can annotate your text with information about where chapters and sections start, but not how chapter and heading captions should be formatted. As a result, you’ll decouple the structure of a text from how it is visualized and make it easier for you to produce different kinds of output. The same text can easily be formatted as HTML, PDF, or Word documents, with various visual styles, by tools that understand the markup annotations. Finally, you’ll learn to use Pandoc, a too...
Build working implementations of hash tables, written in the C programming language. This book starts with simple first attempts devoid of collision resolution strategies, and moves through improvements and extensions illustrating different design ideas and approaches, followed by experiments to validate the choices. Hash tables, when implemented and used appropriately, are exceptionally efficient data structures for representing sets and lookup tables, providing low overhead, constant time, insertion, deletion, and lookup operations. The Joys of Hashing walks you through the implementation of efficient hash tables and the pros and cons of different design choices when building tables. The source code used in the book is available on GitHub for your re-use and experiments. What You Will LearnMaster the basic ideas behind hash tables Carry out collision resolution, including strategies for handling collisions and their consequences for performance Resize or grow and shrink tables as needed Store values by handling when values must be stored with keys to make general sets and mapsWho This Book Is For Those with at least some prior programming experience, especially in C programming.