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The Mental Models Theory of Reasoning
The Mental Models Theory of Reasoning presents theoretical and empirical research on an area of growing interest, the status of mental models in deductive reasoning. As research in the framework of the mental models theory flourishes, this book answers a need to assess the contribution of the notion of training and content. It covers the central issues of propositional, relational, causal and probabilistic reasoning, and argumentation and development. In addition, this work presents data regarding strategies, argumentation, and the development of reasoning. Special features of this text include: *sharp theoretical analyses as well as important new empirical data offered by theorists who work...
Simple Heuristics in a Social World
This title invites readers to discover the simple heuristics that people use to navigate the complexities and surprises of environments populated with others.
Information Sampling and Adaptive Cognition
This book proposes that environmental information samples are biased and cognitive processes are not.
Sampling in Judgment and Decision Making
An exploration of how statistical sampling principles impose theoretical constraints and enable novel insights on judgments and decisions.
Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models
This book examines extensions of the Rasch model, one of the most researched and applied models in educational research and social science. This collection contains 22 chapters by some of the most renowned international experts in the field. They cover topics ranging from general model extensions to applications in fields as diverse as cognition, personality, organizational and sports psychology, and health sciences and education.
Generative Mental Processes and Cognitive Resources
In recent years, a booming research interest has been observed in linking basic cognitive processes with a variety of social and clinical phenomena. Evidence comes from the increasing popularity of psychological paradigms such as social cognition, cognitive psychopathology or cognitive aging. What links those paradigms is their special focus on explaining cognitive phenomena by use of the concept of mental resources. Immediate reasons for such a focus are found in the growing emphasis on understanding everyday dynamics of thinking and acting within a complex world, as well as within personal constraints. Obviously, our current goals and choice of activities constrain and influence our reason...
International Law and the Public
In International Law and the Public, Geoffrey P.R. Wallace investigates the public as a crucial, often overlooked, actor in international law. He asks just who is it that counts in the operation of the international legal order. Defying conventional wisdom that sees governments, leaders, generals, lawyers, or elites from the upper echelons of society as the main international legal players, Wallace advances a "popular international law" where ordinary people are considered important legal actors in their own right alongside the usual focus on elites. Far from powerless or unwitting, publics possess both the cognitive and material capacities to understand and contribute to the intricacies of international legal rules. Combining rigorous theorizing with wide-ranging evidence, International Law and the Public is an account of an international legal politics from below, taking seriously the place of ordinary people in international affairs.
Intergroup Relations
This book analyses recent developments in intergroup research. It diverges from classical approaches that looked at diverse needs and motives, focussing not on what motivates intergroup behaviour, but on how intergroup behavior functions.
New Directions in Multinomial Modeling
This monograph provides an overview of recent developments in and new applications for multinomial processing tree (MPT) modeling in cognitive psychology and related fields. Multinomial models are a class of stochastic models tailored to specific research paradigms that allow the measurement of latent cognitive processes underlying observed responses. An introductory review and literature survey in this monograph outlines the family of MPT models, the typical steps in MPT model analyses, the use of MPT models in cognitive psychology, statistical considerations, and computer programs for MPT modeling. Original research articles then present novel MPT modeling approaches in different fields, including episodic memory, binary choice models and "guessing," and word Identification in early reading. Discussions of matters such as cognitive psychometrics and ongoing developments of MPT modeling throughout the contributions clearly demonstrate how active this field of research is and the wide range of applications of multinomial modeling.
Diskriminierung und Toleranz
Das vorliegende Buch möchte die akademische und interessierte Öffentlichkeit zu psychologischen Grundlagen und Anwendungsperspektiven von Diskriminierung und Toleranz informieren. Ausgewiesene Expertinnen und Experten berichten über den aktuellen psychologischen Forschungsstand und beleuchten neben den Grundlagen die Ursachen und Folgen von Diskriminierungsphänomen in einer Vielfalt von sozialen Kontexten. Zudem werden Möglichkeiten der Prävention und Intervention, zum Beispiel durch Toleranzförderungsprogramme bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen, Integrationsmaßnahmen für Migranten oder durch interkulturelle Kompetenzbildung, dargestellt und erörtert.
