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Artificial Evolution
The Evolution Arti?cielle cycle of conferences was originally initiated as a forum for the French-speaking evolutionary computation community. Previous EA m- tings were held in Toulouse (EA’94), Brest (EA’95, LNCS 1063), Nˆ?mes (EA’97, LNCS 1363), Dunkerque (EA’99, LNCS 1829), and ?nally, EA 2001 was hosted by the Universit ́e de Bourgogne in the small town of Le Creusot, in an area of France renowned for its excellent wines. However, the EA conferences have been receiving more and more papers from the international community: this conference can be considered fully internat- nal, with 39submissions from non-francophonic countries on all ?ve continents, out of a total of 68. Out of...
Catalysis by Transition Metal Sulphides
The main application of Transition Metal Sulphides (TMS) as solid catalysts is for production of clean fuels in petroleum refineries. The various feedstocks to be processed all contain more or less sulphur, included in highly stable heteroaromatic molecules. In order to meet the stringent specifications imposed worldwide nowadays on transportation fuels to reduce their environmental impact, catalytic hydroprocessing remains essential. In this process, sulphur is removed as H2S following the reaction between molecular hydrogen and the heteroaromatics. The reaction conditions and reaction medium composition are such that only TMS provide stable catalysts, generally supported on alumina. Both f...
International Assessment of Research and Development in Catalysis by Nanostructured Materials
Catalyst technologies account for over $1 trillion of revenue in the U.S. economy alone. The applications range from medicines and alternative energy fuel cell technologies to the development of new and innovative clothing fibers. In this book, a World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) panel of eight experts in the field assesses the current state of research and development in catalysis by nanostructured materials, its sources of funding, and discusses the state of the field with respect to productivity and leadership in various nations around the world. In addition to showing the numerous and highly advantageous practical applications of the field, the panel concludes that Western Europe...
Applying Molecular and Materials Modeling
Computational molecular and materials modeling has emerged to deliver solid technological impacts in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and materials industries. It is not the all-predictive science fiction that discouraged early adopters in the 1980s. Rather, it is proving a valuable aid to designing and developing new products and processes. People create, not computers, and these tools give them qualitative relations and quantitative properties that they need to make creative decisions. With detailed analysis and examples from around the world, Applying Molecular and Materials Modeling describes the science, applications, and infrastructures that have proven successful. Computational quantum chemistry, molecular simulations, informatics, desktop graphics, and high-performance computing all play important roles. At the same time, the best technology requires the right practitioners, the right organizational structures, and - most of all - a clearly understood blend of imagination and realism that propels technological advances. This book is itself a powerful tool to help scientists, engineers, and managers understand and take advantage of these advances.
Liquides Aux Interfaces
This school was concerned with surface properties of liquids at solid/liquid, liquid/liquid, gas/liquid interfaces. Renewal of interest in these domains belonging to classical physicochemistry appeared rather recently. This was motivated by the industrial importance of phenomena such as wetting of solids by liquids, interactions between colloidal particles, anchoring of liquid crystals, stabilization of liquid/liquid interfaces by amphiphilic molecules, and kinetics of foam. These phenomena have been analyzed along new directions taking into account ideas developed in other fields such as statistical mechanics of phase transitions and polymers, molecular interactions and long range forces in liquids. Their studies have stimulated the development of new experimental methods including observations of motion of thin films on surfaces, measurements of forces between surfaces and structures of interfacial films by neutron scattering.
