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Sejak bulan Agustus 2021 setiap pukul 10.00 WIB, di rumah sakit, di bank, di swalayan, berkumandanglah Lagu Indonesia Raya dan hadirin yang ada berdiri tegap mendengarkan dan bahkan ikut menyanyikannya. Suasana nasionalisme sangat terasa dan semakin mendekatkan memori kita dengan jasa para pahlawan kemerdekaan. Di beberapa kampus secara virtual, apel pagi diselang selingi antara menyanyikan lagu Indonesia Raya dengan membaca teks Pancasila. Sebelum tradisi baru tersebut dilakukan, ada pertanyaan yang selalu melintas di benak kita setiap kali menyanyikan lagu Indonesia Raya, apalagi ketika seminar di Balai Bahasa DIY beberapa waktu yang lalu, Indonesia Raya yang dinyanyikan lengkap 3 stanza. Kemunculan bait yang mengandung Di sanalah aku berdiri berulang sesuai dengan jumlah stanza. Pertanyaan yang selalu muncul adalah mengapa di sana? Mengapa bukan di sini? Sedang berada di mana penulis/pengarang ketika menulis lagu Indonesia Raya (apakah di luar negeri?)
This book explores the intimate marital relationships of Indonesian Muslim married women. As well as describing and analysing their sexual relationships, the book also investigates how Islam influences discourses of sexuality in Indonesia, and in particular how Islamic teachings affect Muslim married women’s perceptions and behaviour in their sexual relationships with their husbands. Based on extensive original research, the book reveals that Muslim women perceive marriage as a social, cultural, and religious obligation that they need to fulfil; that they realise that finding an ideal marriage partner is complicated, with some having the opportunity for a long courtship and others barely knowing their partner prior to marriage; and that there is a strong tendency, with some exceptions, for women to consider a sexual relationship in marriage as their duty and their husband’s right. Religious and cultural discourses justify and support this view and consider refusal a sin (dosa) or taboo (pamali). Both discourses emphasise obedience towards husbands in marriage.
This book is the first treatise on magic by Éliphas Lévi and one of his fundamental works. In this book, he criticizes magic as a collection of methods and rituals. Instead, he says magic is a universal power and attribute of a man, an eternal religion that existed before Christianity and other religions. According to his theory, proper magic as an attribute of a human is a combination of psychic force, will, and imagination. He calls the ordinary miracles attributed to unnecessary magic exaggerations. Yet, the access to the true magic is constricted only to a narrow circle of selected people, or Magi. Those who go through the initiation to Magi acquire force to alter human wills. His works became quickly popular, as their publication coincided with the interest in magic and occultism in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. It also greatly influenced the magic of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Also, in this text, Éliphas Lévi, for the first time, pointed out that a pentagram or five-pointed star with one point down and two points up represents evil, while a pentagram with one end up and two points down represent the good.
Distance learning presents language teachers and learners with a new set of challenges, opportunities and practical realities. This book presents a comprehensive overview of important issues within the field and explores the ways in which all participants are adapting their practices in response to the new learning environment.
The study of Islamic education has hitherto remained a tangential inquiry in the broader focus of Islamic Studies. In the wake of this neglect, a renaissance of sorts has occurred in recent years, reconfiguring the importance of Islam’s attitudes to knowledge, learning and education as paramount in the study and appreciation of Islamic civilization. Philosophies of Islamic Education, stands in tandem to this call and takes a pioneering step in establishing the importance of its study for the educationalist, academic and student alike. Broken into four sections, it deals with theological, pedagogic, institutional and contemporary issues reflecting the diverse and often competing notions and...
Majid Khadduri, one of the world's preeminent authorities on Islamic justice and jurisprudence, presents his extensive study and reflection on Islamic political, legal, ethical, and social philosophy. This book is both a magisterial historical synthesis and an illumination of the beliefs and practices of modern Islam. (World Religion)
It is not so very long ago that botanical concensus abandoned the distinction that was drawn between Algae and Flagellata, the latter having been regarded by zoologists as a group of the Protozoa. Even today some colourless flagellates may find themselves occupying different locations in contrasting taxonomic schemes. However, modern developments in ecology have placed greater emphasis on functional attributes of organisms, and hydro biologists have certainly been in the forefront of such changes. Thus we find that flagellates are again the subject of controversy, not so much over their taxonomic position as over their functional position - their role in aquatic ecosystems. At the 22nd Congr...