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Jurisdiction and Arbitration Agreements in Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea
Jurisdiction and Arbitration Agreements in Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea focuses on party autonomy and its limitations in relation to jurisdiction and arbitration clauses included in contracts for the carriage of goods by sea in case of any cargo dispute. The author takes the perspective of the shipping companies and the shipowners, as these are the driving forces of the shipping industry due to their strategic importance. The book provides an analysis of the existing law on the recognition and validity of jurisdiction and arbitration clauses in the contracts for the carriage of goods by sea. The author also seeks to provide conclusions and to learn lessons for the future of the...
Validez y eficacia de los contratos en páginas webs
La presente obra colectiva se enmarca en la investigación denominada: "Límites a la auto nomía de la voluntad en los contratos Wraps". El estudio parte de la necesidad de analizar en el contexto nacional e internacional la aplicación y las regulaciones de las nuevas formas de contratación a través de los portales web: los contratos Wraps. Estas figuras jurídicas se han desarrollado en el Derecho anglosajón, pero su utilidad se ha extendido a todo el globo, gracias al desarrollo de las tic (específicamente, Internet). Estas nuevas formas contractuales han generado beneficios para el desarrollo económico y la circu lación de bienes y servicios y se han consagrado mediante el comerci...
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates
This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue considerations), for 191 countries. Globally, subsidies remained large at $4.7 trillion (6.3 percent of global GDP) in 2015 and are projected at $5.2 trillion (6.5 percent of GDP) in 2017. The largest subsidizers in 2015 were China ($1.4 trillion), United States ($649 billion), Russia ($551 billion), European Union ($289 billion), and India ($209 billion). About three quarters of global subsidies are due to domestic factors—energy pricing reform thus remains largely in countries’ own national interest—while coal and petroleum together account for 85 percent of global subsidies. Efficient fossil fuel pricing in 2015 would have lowered global carbon emissions by 28 percent and fossil fuel air pollution deaths by 46 percent, and increased government revenue by 3.8 percent of GDP.
Peak Everything
The 20th century saw unprecedented growth in population, energy consumption and food production. As the population shifted from rural to urban, human impacts on the environment increased dramatically. The 21st century ushered in an era of declines, including: Oil, natural gas and coal extraction Yearly grain harvests Climate stability Economic growth Fresh water Minerals and ores, such as copper and platinum To adapt to this profoundly different world, we must begin now to make radical changes to our attitudes, behaviors and expectations. Now in paperback and featuring a foreword by James Howard Kunstler, Peak Everything addresses many of the cultural, psychological and practical changes we ...
