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Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) sangat familiar dalam karir dan aktifitas seorang guru. Kegiatan penelitian tindakan kelas dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil belajar yang optimal. Melalui penelitian tindakan kelas, seorang guru dapat mengetahui efektifitas pembelajaran yang telah dilakukannya. Selain itu penelitian tindakan kelas juga memberi informasi penting kepada guru tentang segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Penelitian tindakan kelas penting untuk dilakukan oleh semua guru yang menginginkan adanya perbaikan kualitas pembelajaran. Hal ini tentu membutuhkan buku pedoman tentang penelitian tindakan kelas yang benar. Dalam buku ini, dibahas menge...
Indonesia has begun to emerge into middle-income status, yet persistent poverty and stark inequalities continue to affect young children’s development. This book tells the story of Indonesia’s efforts to change the trajectory of development for poor children. Many countries have similar aims, but several aspects of what is reported here are especially valuable and perhaps unique. The study offers data on all aspects of health and development in a sample of rural young children, collected with internationally-validated measures, as well as household information, information about parenting practices including feeding patterns, parent questionnaires, and data on the prevalence and distribu...
This volume integrates and makes sense of the growing body of theoretical and empirical research conducted on purpose across the lifespan. It opens with a comprehensive yet detailed discussion of the definitions of purpose most commonly used in studies on the topic. In addition to defining the construct, the author also discusses its philosophical roots and distinguishes it from related concepts, including meaning, goals, and ultimate concerns. This volume discusses the disparate perspectives on the construct and addresses the tendency to position purpose in the broader frame of positive psychology. It synthesizes distinct strands of research on purpose across the lifespan, it explores studi...
A presentation of general results for discussing local optimality and computation of the expansion of value function and approximate solution of optimization problems, followed by their application to various fields, from physics to economics. The book is thus an opportunity for popularizing these techniques among researchers involved in other sciences, including users of optimization in a wide sense, in mechanics, physics, statistics, finance and economics. Of use to research professionals, including graduate students at an advanced level.
Semidefinite programming (SDP) is one of the most exciting and active research areas in optimization. It has and continues to attract researchers with very diverse backgrounds, including experts in convex programming, linear algebra, numerical optimization, combinatorial optimization, control theory, and statistics. This tremendous research activity has been prompted by the discovery of important applications in combinatorial optimization and control theory, the development of efficient interior-point algorithms for solving SDP problems, and the depth and elegance of the underlying optimization theory. The Handbook of Semidefinite Programming offers an advanced and broad overview of the current state of the field. It contains nineteen chapters written by the leading experts on the subject. The chapters are organized in three parts: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications and Extensions.
Using examples from a range of countries, this book illustrates how the media intervenes to affect the reception migrants receive, and how it stimulates prospective migrants to move.
This collection considers ways in which societal contexts influence aging by influencing self-regulatory processes. No one doubts that the social contexts in which individuals develop exert strong influence on life trajectories. Those born into environments that provide high quality education, supportive social relations, and economic assets do better in old age than those born into environments bereft of such resources. The extent of this influence, however, is only beginning to be revealed. Recent research shows that life experiences influence basic brain structures (e.g. the effect of musical training on neural organization) and functions (e.g. inflammatory processes), and that social emb...
Who tends to volunteer and why? What causes attract certain types of volunteers? What motivates people to volunteer? How can volunteers be persuaded to continue their service? Making use of a broad range of survey information to offer a detailed portrait of the volunteer in America, Volunteers provides an important resource for everyone who works with volunteers or is interested in their role in contemporary society. Mark A. Musick and John Wilson address issues of volunteer motivation by focusing on individuals' subjective states, their available resources, and the influence of gender and race. In a section on social context, they reveal how volunteer work is influenced by family relationships and obligations through the impact of schools, churches, and communities. They consider cross-national differences in volunteering and historical trends, and close with consideration of the research on the organization of volunteer work and the consequences of volunteering for the volunteer.
By examining the intersection of Islamic law, state law, religion, and culture in the Egyptian nation-building process, Recasting Islamic Law highlights how the sharia, when attached to constitutional commitments, is reshaped into modern Islamic state law. Rachel M. Scott analyzes the complex effects of constitutional commitments to the sharia in the wake of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. She argues that the sharia is not dismantled by the modern state when it is applied as modern Islamic state law, but rather recast in its service. In showing the particular forms that the sharia takes when it is applied as modern Islamic state law, Scott pushes back against assumptions that introductions ...
The dream of restoring primitive Christianity lies close to the core of the identity of some American denominations---Churches of Christ, Latter-day Saints, some Mennonites, and a variety of Holiness and Pentecostal denominations. But how can a return to ancient Christianity be sustained in a world increasingly driven by modernization? What meaning might such a vision have in the modern world? Twelve distinguished scholars explore these and related questions in this provocative book.