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Wilful Misconduct in International Transport Law
The main rationale of the conventions on international transport law is to limit the liability of the carrier. However, an aspect common to these conventions is that in cases of "wilful misconduct" the carrier is liable without any financial limitation. "Wilful misconduct" denoting a high degree of fault is an established term in English law. The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to International Carriage by Air (Warsaw Convention) of 1929 was the first international convention on transport law where the term was employed. A definition of "wilful misconduct", which can be found in later conventions regarding carriage of goods and passengers as well, was implemented in the Hague Protocol of 1955, amending the Warsaw Convention. However, the question as to exactly which degree of fault constitutes "wilful misconduct" has to date remained controversial and unanswered. This work seeks to answer this question. To this end, the historical background of the term, together with its function and role in marine insurance law, case law and international transport law, are examined from a comparative perspective.
The European Foundation
The European Commission is already preparing the future framework of not-for-profit organizations which will be available to Europeans. The aim of the European Foundation Project is to develop the legislative draft for the legal form of a European Foundation. A team of experts in comparative law from across Europe, commissioned by the Bertelsmann Foundation, the Compagnia di San Paolo, and the ZEIT-Stiftung Ebelin and Gerd Bucerius, has undertaken feasibility research, and developed a proposal. The resulting draft legislation is clearly presented here in a way which makes it easy for the reader to locate information on specific legal issues. The draft is supported by comprehensive explanatory chapters, as well as comparative chapters on each issue which cover European countries, the USA and China. This book lays the groundwork for policy and advocacy initiatives in the European foundation and the not-for-profit sector.
Consequences of Impaired Consent Transfers
Birke Hacker explores the English and German law on impaired consent transfers of movable property and their reversal in comparative perspective, paying particular attention to the interaction - within each legal system - between the rules and principles of contract law, property law, and the law of unjust(ified) enrichment. In two-party situations, the author focuses on the relationship between contract and conveyance and the closely related question of the transferor's position in the event of the transferee's insolvency. While German law resolves these issues by reference to the well-established principles of separation and abstraction, the relevant English law is still unsettled. The aut...
Exclusive Jurisdiction in Intellectual Property
Exclusive jurisdiction rules related to intellectual property rights cases are insufficiently supported by the arguments usually invoked in their favor. Benedetta Ubertazzi argues that such rules are even contrary to the public international law provisions on the avoidance of a denial of justice and should therefore be abandoned.--
Typical Personal Security Rights in the EU
This volume offers an in-depth analysis of the current status of the law and legal practice of personal security rights in the EU. The impact of the financial crisis is specifically considered and the treatment of personal security rights in the Basel II Accord is critically addressed. While focusing on Italian and Spanish legal systems, this comparative study includes extensive references to other EU Member States. The influence of EU private law on this area is also explored. The implications of a harmonised regime for personal security rights in the EU are analysed both from an economic and a legal perspective. In this context, specific reference is made to the latest academic works and policy proposals for EU legal unification ( Principles of European Contract Law / Draft Common Frame of Reference ).
Geschlossene Schiffsfonds: Eine vergleichende Darstellung anhand von qualitativen und quantitativen Faktoren
Der Zusammenschluss von mehreren Parteien zur Finanzierung eines Schiffes und der gemeinsamen Risikoübernahme dieses Projektes lässt sich auf eine jahrhundertealte Tradition zurückführen. Die Möglichkeit, an diesem Wachstum und der Entwicklung zu partizipieren, wurde zunehmend auch für Privatanleger interessant. Im Rahmen eines geschlossenen Schiffsfonds bietet sich für Privatanleger diese Möglichkeit und das zunehmende Interesse führte dazu, dass Schiffsbeteiligungen, nach dem Schiffshypothekendarlehen, die wichtigste Kapitalquelle in der Schiffsfinanzierung darstellen. Anleger konnten durch die Beteiligung an einem Schiffsfonds in der Vergangenheit hohe Renditen erzielen, doch die...
Umfang und Grenzen der Dritthaftung von Experten
English summary: In his study, Benjamin Buttner adresses himself to the liability of experts towards non-contracting parties in cases of pure economic loss caused by negligence. Analyzing German and English court decisions, the author examines the legal relationship between the expert and the third party. This involves establishing the group of persons entitled to damages, the question of the primacy of the third party's contractual remedies and further defences of the expert against the liability as well as the content of the obligation and the standards of care with which the expert has to comply. The author discusses the possibilities of influencing the obligation by disclaimer and presen...
Eingriffsnormen in der Rom I-Verordnung
English summary: What is behind the new definition of the term mandatory rule? Who has the authority to interpret this term, and what standards are applied? Paul Hauser explains the use of domestic mandatory rules and then studies the connection to international mandatory rules. He concludes by making a reform proposal. German description: Paul Hauser untersucht mit dem Eingriffsrecht eine klassische Fragestellung des Internationalen Privatrechts, die sich durch Einfuhrung der Rom I-Verordnung in neuem Gewand darstellt. Den Schwerpunkt legt er dabei auf die Anwendung auslandischer Eingriffsnormen. Zunachst untersucht er die neu eingefuhrte Definition des Begriffs Eingriffsnorm und insbesondere, wem die Auslegungskompetenz dieses Terminus anhand welchen Massstabes zukommt. Nach einer kurzen Erlauterung der recht unproblematischen Anwendung inlandischer Eingriffsnormen untersucht der Autor sodann die Anknupfung auslandischer Eingriffsnormen. Die Bewertung der Arbeit des europaischen Gesetzgebers in diesem Bereich fallt ernuchternd aus, sodass Paul Hauser seine Untersuchung mit einem Reformvorschlag schliesst.
Durchführung und Rechtsfolgen der Vertragsaufhebung bei nachträglichen Erfüllungsstörungen
Simon Laimer behandelt mit der Vertragsaufhebung einen zentralen Rechtsbehelf im Falle von Leistungsstörungen. Er vergleicht das italienische, deutsche und österreichische nationale Schuldrecht sowie das UN-Kaufrecht und bezieht neuere Vereinheitlichungsprojekte (PECL, PICC, PESL) sowie den Entwurf für einen Gemeinsamen Referenzrahmen ein. Anschließend leitet er anhand einer folgenorientierten Bewertung der verschiedenen Lösungsmodelle Kriterien und Anregungen für die Ausgestaltung einer möglichen einheitlichen europäischen Regelung ab. Der Autor untersucht zunächst Art und Ausgestaltung von Verfahren für die Aufhebung im Falle einer Vertragsstörung. Danach analysiert er die Rechtsfolgen einer wirksamen Vertragsaufhebung, insbesondere die Befreiung von den Leistungspflichten, die Restitution sowie die Haftung bei schuldhafter Verletzung von Pflichten aus dem Rückabwicklungsschuldverhältnis.
