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Dr. Hubertus Strughold was an early pioneer of aerospace medicine. He was the Director of the Aeromedical Research Institute of the German Air Ministry in Berlin during World War II. After the war, he was brought to the U.S. as a part of "Operation Paperclip" and was instrumental in the early development of space medicine. His contributions were so fundamental that he is called "The Father of Space Medicine" and the Hubertus Strughold Award is given yearly by the Space Medicine Association for individual achievement in space medicine. Following his death, criticism of his possible involvement in World War II atrocities has emerged and most of his honors have been removed. This book is a detailed and well referenced biography of Dr. Strughold. The details concerning the controversy of his activities in World War II are covered comprehensively for the first time. "We knew only a small part, and remained silent. We know more now and this along with the consciousness: if we would have known it, we would have also been silent." Existential philosopher K. Jaspers, Heidelberg 1947
With a prologue by Melchor J AntuA ano (Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, USA) The book provides an up-to-date overview of the history of aviation medicine and the development of medical requirements for licensing. Also the physiological foundation for flight, the physiology of the sensory organs, exposure to cosmic radiation, the preventative aspects of aviation medicine, the role of medical factors in accident investigation, and passenger health issues are covered.The bulk of the book is the clinical part which contains several chapters and sub-chapters on clinical aviation medicine with detailed guidance, written by Medical Examiners for Medical Examiners, on how to examin...
This anthology unites articles about different aspects of scientific human experiments in the course of World War I to the 1960s. The majority of them deals with the development of medicine and life sciences as well as the national research promotion under the Nazi regime and during World War II. Studies on human experiments of French, Japanese, and US-American research enlarge the perspective on a problem of obviously international range. These empirical studies are supplemented by articles on the legal evaluation of this behaviour of scientists, as well as on the resulting movement to formulate binding transnational ethical codes on behalf of human experiments.
This book offers a radically new and definitive reappraisal of Allied responses to Nazi human experiments and the origins of informed consent. It places the victims and Allied Medical Intelligence officers at centre stage, while providing a full reconstruction of policies on war crimes and trials related to Nazi medical atrocities and genocide.
In three volumes, historian Jole Shackelford delineates the history of the study of biological rhythms—now widely known as chronobiology—from antiquity into the twentieth century. Perhaps the most well-known biological rhythm is the circadian rhythm, tied to the cycles of day and night and often referred to as the “body clock.” But there are many other biological rhythms, and although scientists and the natural philosophers who preceded them have long known about them, only in the past thirty years have a handful of pioneering scientists begun to study such rhythms in plants and animals seriously. Tracing the intellectual and institutional development of biological rhythm studies, Sh...
The Yearbook of Transnational History is dedicated to disseminating pioneering research in the field of transnational history. This fourth volume is focused to the theme of exile. Authors from across the historical discipline provide insights into central aspects of research into the phenomenon of exile in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Both centuries have seen large numbers of people fleeing revolutions, oppression, persecution, and extermination. This volume is the first publication to provide a comprehensive overview over exiles of various political and ethnic groups beginning with the French Revolution and ending with the transfer of Nazi scientists from post-World-War-II Germany to the United States. This volume contains contributions about the refugees created by the French Revolution, the Forty-Eighters who were forced out of Germany after the failed Revolution of 1848/49, the anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, Vietnamese anti-colonial activists in France, the exiles of Nazi Germany, and the transfer of Nazi scientists such as Wernher von Braun to the United States after World War II.
This book describes twelve inventions that transformed the United States from a rural and small-town community to an industrial country of unprecedented power. These inventions demonstrate that no one person is ever responsible for technological advances and that the culture produces a number of people who work together to create each new invention. The book also shows the influences of technology on society and examines the beliefs and attitudes of those who partake in technological advances. The book is both a sociological analysis and a history of technology in the United States in the past two hundred years.
Die rasante Entwicklung der Luft- und Raumfahrt in den vergangenen 60 Jahren stellte auch an die Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin immer wieder neue Anforderungen. In der zivilen Luftfahrt ergaben sich die erhohten Anforderungen aus den immer grosseren Passagierzahlen und weiteren Flugstrecken, in der Militarluftfahrt aus der stetigen Weiterentwicklung der Flugzeuge mit Strahltriebwerken, der Entwicklung von Kampfhubschraubern und der Perfektionierung des Krankentransportes mit Flugzeugen und Hubschraubern. In der Raumfahrt vollzogen sich gewaltige Entwicklungen vom unbemannten Raumflug mit kleinen Flugkorpern bis zum Gruppen-Raumflug und der Schaffung von standigen Weltraumstationen mit einem Pend...
The “remarkable” story of America's secret post-WWII science programs (The Boston Globe), from the New York Times bestselling author of Area 51. In the chaos following World War II, the U.S. government faced many difficult decisions, including what to do with the Third Reich's scientific minds. These were the brains behind the Nazis' once-indomitable war machine. So began Operation Paperclip, a decades-long, covert project to bring Hitler's scientists and their families to the United States. Many of these men were accused of war crimes, and others had stood trial at Nuremberg; one was convicted of mass murder and slavery. They were also directly responsible for major advances in rocketry...
The aviation industry is being transformed by the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones – commercially, militarily, scientifically and recreationally. National regulations have generally failed to keep pace with the expansion of the fast-growing drone industry. Aviation Law and Drones: Unmanned Aircraft and the Future of Aviation traces the development of aviation laws and regulations, explains how aviation is regulated at an international and national level, considers the interrelationship between rapidly advancing technology and legislative attempts to keep pace, and reviews existing domestic and international drone laws and issues (including safety, security, privacy and airspace i...