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Histology
Histology is the science of tissues and as such histology studies cells and tissues of organs using a variety of techniques. Histological techniques are used in different disciplines: research, teaching, and clinical applications. This book explores the research currently being carried out at the molecular, subcellular, and cellular levels, both in normal and pathological processes, from genetic mechanisms to intra- and intercellular signaling. This book includes cutting-edge research reviews and descriptions of technological advances to modify bodily cells and tissues. Targeted at students and researchers in biological, medical, and related disciplines, this book will provide an overview of...
Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects
This book provides recent contributions of current strategies to control insect pests written by experts in their respective fields. Topics include semiochemicals based insect management techniques, assessment of lethal dose/concentrations, strategies for efficient biological control practices, bioinsecticidal formulations and mechanisms of action involving RNAi technology, light-trap collection of insects, the use of sex pheromonal components and attractants for pest insect capture, measures to increase plant resistance in forest plantations, the use of various baculoviruses as biopesticides, and effect of a pathogenic bacterium against an endangered butterfly species. There are several other chapters that focus on insect vectors, including biting midges as livestock vectors in Tunisia, mosquitoes as vectors in Brazil, human disease vectors in Tanzania, pathogenic livestock and human vectors in Africa, insect vectors of Chagas disease, and transgenic and paratransgenic biotechnologies against dipteran pests and vectors. This book targets general biologists, entomologists, ecologists, zoologists, virologists, and epidemiologists, including both teachers and students.
Moths and Caterpillars
This book provides contributions on various topics pertaining to moths and caterpillars written by experts in their respective fields. The first and third chapter examine pest management strategies for controlling the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, and the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Both insect pests are responsible for crop losses valued at millions of dollars annually. The authors discuss current management practices as well as their limitations. The second chapter focuses on the employment of RNAi technology as a molecular tool applied in controlling lepidopteran crop pests. The fourth chapter covers the importance of two types of proteins found in the cocoons of the Indian Tas...
Neurochemistry
Neurochemistry is a flourishing academic field that contributes to our understanding of molecular, cellular and medical neurobiology. As a scientific discipline, neurochemistry studies the role of chemicals that build the nervous system, it explores the function of neurons and glial cells in health and disease, it discovers aspects of cell metabolism and neurotransmission, and it reveals how degenerative processes are at work in the nervous system. Accordingly, this book contains chapters from a variety of topics that fall into the following broad sections: I. Neural Membranes and Intracellular Signaling, II. Neural Processing and Intercellular Signaling, III. Growth, Development and Differe...
Arthropods - New Advances and Perspectives
This book provides contributions on various topics pertaining to arthropods (insects and non-insects) written by experts in their respective fields. It targets a wide audience of entomologists, biologists, ecologists, zoologists, teachers, and students. The book is divided into four main sections on 'Development”, 'Food Detection and Feeding Behavior”, 'Vector-borne Diseases”, and 'Structure and Function of Vision”. Chapters address such topics as larval development and metamorphosis of non-insect arthropods, spatiotemporal dynamics of the silver leaf whitefly pest, the importance of three species of household cockroaches, lac insects that secrete resin worthy of industrial importance, the feeding behavior of some insects, and much more.
Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain
‘Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain’ is a topic that describes nerve cells in terms of their anatomical and functional connections. The term connectome refers to a comprehensive map of neural connections, like a wiring diagram of an organism’s nervous system. Connectomics, the study of connectomes, can be applied to individual neurons and their synaptic connections, as well as to connections between neuronal populations or to functional and structural connectivity of different brain regions. This book addresses neural connectivity at these various scales in health and disease. The chapters review novel findings related to neuroanatomy and cell biology, neurophysiol...
Learning and Memory - From Molecules and Cells to Mind and Behavior
This book is dedicated to “learning and memory,” a concept at the heart of neuroscience. Learning is about acquiring knowledge and skills, forming memories, and how behavior changes based on past experiences. Learning is closely related to memory. Memory is about the recall and expression of what one has learned. This book presents contributions to learning and memory, ranging from molecular, cellular, anatomical, developmental, and systems to disease-oriented studies. As such, the book provides a gateway for newly interested investigators and serves as a resource for seasoned researchers of learning and memory. Targeted at students and researchers in biological, medical, and behavioral disciplines, this book offers an overview of the work that is being done in this field and highlights any gaps and areas that would benefit from further exploration. Individual chapters focus on research advances in different brain regions and experimental models. In addition, the book will contribute to the training of current and future neuroscientists.
Herbivores
This book provides an overview of the current knowledge of herbivory. This book contains chapters from a wide variety of topics that fall into the following broad sections: (I) "Plant Defense Mechanisms and Herbivore Adaptations," (II) "Herbivory and Food Processing of Grazing Animals," and (III) "Herbivory Effects on Plant Communities." More specifically, the contributions of this book, written by experts in their respective fields, focus on topics including the chemical plant defense against herbivores as well as herbivore adaptions to plant cyanide defenses, the utilization of biomarkers to study grazing behavior of ruminants, modeling for describing ruminant herbivory, as well as improvi...
Sensory Nervous System
The sensory nervous system is of critical importance in our daily lives and contributes to our personal well-being and safety as well as communication with others. However, it is only when disease or injury impair its function that we fully appreciate the relevance of our sensory modalities. During the past decades, research of our senses has seen an ever-growing interest in this exciting field of study. This book provides the reader with an overview of the current state-of-the-art of research of our senses and focuses on the most important evidence-based developments in this area. This book addresses both the physiology and pathophysiology of our sensory nervous system ranging from molecular, cellular, and systems to cognitive and behavioral topics. Individual chapters focus on recent advances in specific areas of sensory systems in different model organisms and humans. All chapters represent recent contributions to the rapidly developing field of sensory science.
The Complex World of Ants
Ants play important roles in natural ecosystems. These eusocial insects are omnivorous feeders and live in a wide variety of habitats. They belong to the order Hymenoptera, and family Formicidae. There are more than 8800 described species that occur throughout the world. They have large heads, segmented antennae, and powerful jaws and undergo complete metamorphosis. In general, ants live typically in structured nest communities, forming nest sites in close proximity to moisture and food, underground, in ground-level mounds, or in trees. Among ant species, there is a wide range of interesting behaviors displayed. Many species are mutualistic, where they develop interactions with other insects and/or plants. Other species display parasitic relationships among each other. Still other species exhibit predatory behaviors. This book contains contributions written by experts in their respective fields and targets a wide audience. It is highly recommended as a valuable resource for general biologists, entomologists, ecologists, zoologists, and students and teachers in training in this subject matter.
