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Incentives for innovation are particularly relevant in the pharmaceutical industry where not all social needs provide equally profitable opportunities and where most OECD countries try to implement different measures that promote research in these less profitable areas. This book describes how incentives can be provided to deal with less profitable activities when no clear markets exist for the innovations. The book discusses alternative mechanisms to substitute for inexistent markets, situations where traditional instruments have proven totally insufficient, and the clear mismatch between the size of the markets being targeted and the incentives being provided. Patents become an ineffective way to incentivise R&D when the appropriability is low; this book provides alternative ideas such as allowing for a period of data exclusivity to firms that develop new drugs.
Featuring contributions from leading international scholars, this interdisciplinary book presents the results of an extensive European Commission funded research study focusing on questions of interest to science, technology and innovation policy.
The structures and dynamics of technological innovation in Europe analysed in theory and in practice.
The Age of Knowledge emphasizes that the ongoing transformations of knowledge, both within universities and for society more generally, must be understood as a reflection of the larger changes in the constitutive social structures within which they are invariably produced, translated and reproduced.
This highly accessible and engaging introduction to IP law encourages readers to critically evaluate the ownership of intangible goods. The rigorous pedagogy, featuring many real-world cases, both historical and up-to-date, full colour images, discussion exercises, end-of-chapter questions and activities, allows readers to engage fully with the philosophical concepts foundational of the subject, while also enabling them to independently analyse key cases, texts and materials relevant to IP law in the contemporary world. This innovative textbook, written by one of the leading authorities on the subject, is the ideal route to a full understanding of copyright, patents, designs, trade marks, passing off, remedies and litigation for undergraduate and beginning graduate students in IP law.
"The content of this book is based on the final report of a research project carried out by an international team of researchers for the European Commission's Directorate General for Research"--copyright p.
Shortlisted for the Financial Times and McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award A Financial Times Best Business Book of the Year A Times Higher Education Book of the Week Best Business Book of the Year, 800-CEO-READ Gender equality is a moral and a business imperative. But unconscious bias holds us back, and de-biasing people’s minds has proven to be difficult and expensive. By de-biasing organizations instead of individuals, we can make smart changes that have big impacts. Presenting research-based solutions, Iris Bohnet hands us the tools we need to move the needle in classrooms and boardrooms, in hiring and promotion, benefiting businesses, governments, and the lives of millions. “Bohnet assembles an impressive assortment of studies that demonstrate how organizations can achieve gender equity in practice...What Works is stuffed with good ideas, many equally simple to implement.” —Carol Tavris, Wall Street Journal “A practical guide for any employer seeking to offset the unconscious bias holding back women in organizations, from orchestras to internet companies.” —Andrew Hill, Financial Times
This volume provides a novel way of examining innovation in sectors by proposing the framework of sectoral systems of innovation. It analyses the innovation process, the factors affecting innovation, the changing boundaries and transformation of sectors, and the determinants of the innovation performance of firms and countries in different sectors.
This book, first published in 2007, offers a comparative analysis of the performance of the chemical industry in the age of the petrochemical revolution.