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Enhancing the Effectiveness of Innovation
The tasks confronting European governments intent on innovation will need to shift from simple quantitative measures of how much (R&D, etc.) to how good such magnitudes are in augmenting competitiveness from quantity to quality. In this book, the editors and their contributors move the debate on to concerns over the effectiveness of innovation. This is not just a matter of making linkages among increasingly diverse players, but of making these linkages themselves effective. The book takes an important step forward for innovation policy at all levels, from regional to global. Nick von Tunzelmann, University of Sussex, UK The limits of established innovation processes have become clear as nati...
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Military Production and Innovation in Spain
Military Production and Innovation in Spain extends the scope beyond the traditional analysis of arms producers to include components and sub-systems manufacturers. It combines a description of the changes experienced by Spanish military production with an analysis of its deeply-rooted structural characteristics. The book provides an in-depth exploration of the Spanish military-related industry, its links with the rest of the economy and its potential role as a technological engine for the Spanish economy.
Work in the Fast Lane
Arguing that a new form of industrial organization is generating new patterns of inequality, the authors explore the relationship between growth in the high-tech sector and trends in inequality. While considering the promise of high-tech industries in light of the realities of high-tech work, the authors report considerable unevenness in the high-tech sector. Some high-tech industries fulfill optimistic expectations, but others are in decline. In some high-tech industries, work is organized in ways that generate inequality along gender, racial, and ethnic lines. The authors link these contrasts to different strategies of flexible production. Building upon the distinction between static flexibility, in which harsh measures are taken to control costs, and dynamic flexibility, in which production processes are constantly adapted to market conditions, they conclude that the most innovative and successful high-tech industries are those employing dynamic flexibility. Expansion of dynamically flexible production strategies is essential if high-tech industries are to fulfill their promise.
Constructing Sustainable Development
Defines, analyzes, critiques, and proposes new policy solutions for achieving sustainable development.
Electronic Mass Media in Europe. Prospects and Developments
L'histoire r~cente de l'audiovisuel en France ne peut ~tre rapport~e sans prendre en compte le changement de majorit~ poli tique de 1981. Sans doute les innovations techniques qui inter pellent aujourd'hui les diff~rents acteurs du champ audiovisuel ~taient-elles d~ja pr~sentes ou en germe d~s la fin de la d~cennie pr~c~dente. Mais la volont~ de l'Etat de faire de la communication audiovisuelle une des cl~s de voQte d'une nouvelle politique culturelle et ~conomique n'a cess~ d'entretenir une tension toute particuli~re dans un paysage qui n'avait que fort peu ~volu~ de 1974 a 1982, si l'on excepte la dissolution de l'ORTF et la cr~ation simultan~e de sept soci~t~s, chacune sp~cialis~e dans une des fonctions de la radio-diffusion (produc tion, programmation, diffusion-- l. Les exp~riences de t~l~ distribution lanc~es en 1975 n'avaient pas ~t~ relay~s par une politique plus ambitieuse. Seul le projet de satellite de t~l~ vision directe TDF 1 t~moignait d'une vision plus prospective, plus aventureuse du d~veloppement de l'audiovisuel.
University-Industry R&D Collaboration in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan
Over the last several decades there has been a growing interest in Research & Development (R&D) policy. This is particularly so in advanced industrialized nations that have adopted science- and technology- based strategies for national economic competitiveness. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan -- the three nations that are the subjects of this book -- share this policy strategy. Each of these nations is committed to hamessing the innovations that stern from scientific and technological advance to promote national economic prosperity. Governments can influence their nation's R&D efIort in three general ways. First, they can directly fund the R&D efIort through grants, loans, appropriations, or government contracts. Second, they can provide tax and financing incentives to encourage higher levels of private sector R&D. Third, they can use their power to create inter-organizational collaborations that vastly extend and expand the nation's collective R&D efIort. University-industry collaborations are a principal type of these inter organizational R&D efIorts -- and the focus of this book.
