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In 2019, approximately 1.2 million caesarean sections were performed in the United States, accounting for 31.7% of all births that year. In most European countries, the rate of caesarean delivery also exceeds 30%. The medical effects of this phenomenon remain unclear.This book presents comprehensive information on caesarean delivery including the risks and benefits, clinical indications, scientific guidelines, and more.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of labor management. It provides the most up-to-date evidence to guide obstetric practice and management. The chapter topics include general management of labor, fetal heart rate monitoring, and more specific issues such as multiple pregnancies or pregnancies associated with pregnancy pathology.
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the smooth muscle of the uterus. They are the most common pathologic abnormalities of the female genital tract, occurring in 20%–50% of women older than 30 years. Some fibroids present with symptoms, whereas others are asymptomatic. The etiology of uterine fibroids is unclear. As such, this book presents comprehensive information on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of myoma. Chapters discuss symptoms such as bleeding, pain, and sexual dysfunction, as well as imaging modalities for diagnosis and options for treatment, including medications and surgery.
Tourism was booming until 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Since then, tourism and related industries have suffered from negative economic impacts. This book examines current challenges and opportunities in the tourism industry using case studies from different parts of the world. It also examines the challenges and obstacles faced by the tourism sector due to lack of environmental policies, high crime rates, and poverty.
In the realm of medical practice, the word “embolism” has many implications to many people, with most providers instinctively placing this word within an inherently negative context. Derived from the Greek word, ἐμβολισμός, this term most literally means “interposition.” Yet, regardless of how benign this etymological derivation may appear, the clinical context is quite the opposite—a symbol of much dreaded morbidity and mortality. Whether the embolus consists of a blood clot, a fat globule, a bubble of gas, amniotic fluid, or even an iatrogenic or traumatic foreign body, the unfavorable connotations persist even if the patient has few or no associated symptoms and requi...
Andreas Bihlmaier describes a novel method to model dynamic spatial relations by machine learning techniques. The method is applied to the task of representing the tacit knowledge of a trained camera assistant in minimally-invasive surgery. The model is then used for intraoperative control of a robot that autonomously positions the endoscope. Furthermore, a modular robotics platform is described, which forms the basis for this knowledge-based assistance system. Promising results from a complex phantom study are presented.
This book is focused on the protection of female reproductive health. Artificial pregnancy termination is known to be associated with an increased risk of infertility, spontaneous pregnancy loss, and other gestational pathologies. Since family planning is a system for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy, the current situation of the spread of induced abortion in different parts of the world is analyzed. Early pregnancy loss is a wide-ranging problem in medicine and habitual abortion is a real tragedy for women in their childbearing years. The different pathogenetic scenarios of spontaneous pregnancy termination are described and the possible interventions for prevention contributing to beneficial outcomes are discussed.
The application of modern methods in numerical mathematics on problems in chemical engineering is essential for designing, analyzing and running chemical processes and even entire plants. Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering II gives the state of the art from the point of view of numerical mathematicians as well as that of engineers. The present volume as part of a two-volume edition covers topics such as the simulation of reactive flows, reaction engineering, reaction diffusion problems, and molecular properties. The volume is aimed at scientists, practitioners and graduate students in chemical engineering, industrial engineering and numerical mathematics.