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Biographical Memoirs
On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good. The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject's work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America-an important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world.
Auditory System
In planning The Handbook volumes on Audition, we, the editors, made the decision that there should be many authors, each writing about the work in the field that he knew best through his own research, rather than a few authors who would review areas of research with which they lacked first hand familiarity. For the purposes of the chapters on Audition, sensory physiology has been defined very broadly to include studies from the many disciplines that contribute to our understanding of the structures concerned with hearing and the processes that take place in these structures in man and in lower animals. A number of chapters on special topics have been included in order to present information ...
Auditory System
nerve; subsequently, however, they concluded that the recordings had been from aberrant cells of the cochlear nucleus lying central to the glial margin of the VIII nerve (GALAMBOS and DAVIS, 1948). The first successful recordmgs from fibres of the cochlear nerve were made by TASAKI (1954) in the guinea pig. These classical but necessarily limited results were greatly extended by ROSE, GALAMBOS, and HUGHES (1959) in the cat cochlear nucleus and by KATSUKI and co-workers (KATSUKI et at. , 1958, 1961, 1962) in the cat and monkey cochlear nerve. Perhaps the most significant developments have been the introduction of techniques for precise control of the acoustic stimulus and the quantitative ana...
Auditory System
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Contributions to Sensory Physiology
Contributions to Sensory Physiology: Volume 5 presents a theory about the physiological basis of sensation. It discusses some research made in microscopic anatomy and psychophysics. It addresses the functional significance and physiological mechanisms of the sensory systems. Some of the topics covered in the book are the simple cells of the striate cortex; the concept of a receptive field; definition of a unimodal simple cell; inhibitory components in the receptive field; stimulus contrast and mean level of luminance; specificity of inhibitory zones; and experimental procedures for recording average response histogram. The relation and possible importance of taste bud cells are covered. The comparison of foliate, vallate, and fungiform buds are discussed. The text describes the nature of taste receptor sites. A study of the location of receptor sites on taste cells is presented. A chapter is devoted to the mechanochemical model of taste excitation. Another section focuses on the proposals for molecular specificity. The book can provide useful information to scientists, doctors, students, and researchers.
Testing Hearing
Testing Hearing: The Making of Modern Aurality argues that the modern cultural practices of hearing and testing have emerged from a long interrelationship. Since the early nineteenth century, auditory test tools (whether organ pipes or electronic tone generators) and the results of hearing tests have fed back into instrument calibration, human training, architecture, and the creation of new musical sounds. Hearing tests received a further boost around 1900 as a result of injury compensation laws and state and professional demands for aptitude testing in schools, conservatories, the military, and other fields. Applied at large scale, tests of seemingly small measure-of auditory acuity, of hea...
Contributions to Sensory Physiology
Contributions to Sensory Physiology discusses a theory of the physiological basis of sensation. It describes and illustrates the cellular pattern of the neuro-epithelium, focusing on sensory cells, neural structures, and fluid spaces of the organ of Corti. The book shows that the simultaneous use of light, phase contrast, and electron microscopy generates a better image. It discusses the functional parts of the vestibular and lateral line organs. The text describes the structure and organization of receptors. The structure of the cupula and otolithic membranes are also explained. Complex types of stimulation are examined in detail. The vestibular system is discussed in full. The electrophysiological analysis of the monkey's eyes is defined as well as the methods that are being used to examine the primate vision. A chapter of the book focuses on the vision in intermittent light. The book will provide useful information to veterinarians, anatomists, students, and researchers in the field of ophthalmology.
