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Protecting Prisoners
Prisoners are a uniquely vulnerable social group and protecting them from oppressive states has given rise to a complex web of standards generated by a variety of international mechanisms and processes. Protecting Prisoners examines the most detailed and far-reaching set of custodial standards yet devised--those of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT)---and relates them to those of other European and United Nations bodies. The book also examines the reaction of selected Council of Europe member states---Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the United Kingdom---to the application of those standards in CPT reports. This dual perspective provides a critical insight into the degree to which the development of international human rights law is having a practical impact on the situation of prisoners.
The Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion at the International Criminal Court
With the ICC’s unprecedented scope of jurisdiction and limited resources comes the need to select situations and cases that the Prosecutor wishes to pursue. As the Prosecutor selects her situations and cases, she constantly makes choices, aff orded to her by the statutory discretion she enjoys as a Prosecutor. The purpose of this study is to investigate three aspects of the Prosecutor’s discretion: What is the extent of the Prosecutor’s discretion in pursuing individual situations and cases? How much does the Prosecutor adhere to and further the objectives of the ICC in the exercise of her discretion? To what degree should the Prosecutor use policy considerations in selecting situations and cases to pursue?
Human Rights Protection by the ECtHR and the ECJ
In her manuscript Elisa Ravasi examines how the ECtHR responds to the growing challenges of overlapping legal systems. She focuses, in particular, on the relationship between the ECHR and EU law. First, she systematically analyses 10 years of ECtHR jurisprudence on the principle of equivalent protection and develops an innovative analysis scheme for its application. Afterwards, she examines the equivalency of the human rights protection provided by the ECJ in light of the minimum standards of the ECHR in three specific fields (naming law, ne bis in idem and equality of arms). Finally, she considers whether the presumption of equivalent protection of the ECtHR in favour of the EU is still justified.
The Law of Open Societies
This book endeavours to interpret the development of private international law in light of social change. Since the end of World War II the socio-economic reality of international relations has been characterised by a progressive move from closed to open societies. The dominant feature of our time is the opening of borders for individuals, goods, services, capital and data. It is reflected in the growing importance of ex ante planning – as compared with ex post adjudication – of cross-border relations between individuals and companies. What has ensued is a shift in the forces that shape international relations from states to private actors. The book focuses on various forms of private ordering for economic and societal relations, and its increasing significance, while also analysing the role of the remaining regulatory powers of the states involved. These changes stand out more distinctly by virtue of the comparative treatment of the law and the long-term perspective employed by the author. The text is a revised and updated version of the lectures given by the author during the 2012 summer courses of the Hague Academy of International Law.
Transnational Conflicts and International Law
Ever since 9/11 the legal classification of transnational conflicts between states and non-state armed groups, such as Al Qaeda, has become a highly debated topic. While repeatedly referred to as the War on Terror, the legal qualification of the conflict between the US and Al Qaeda remains controversial: US military operations in Afghanistan against Al Qaeda and the use of drones against alleged terrorists in Pakistan, Yemen and other states pose the question as to whether this conflict truly qualifies as one single global war. Similarly, transnational conflicts such as the Colombian operation against a FARC base in Ecuador, Israel’s fight against Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Turkish operatio...
International Judicial Lawmaking
Over the past two decades new international courts have entered the scene of international law and existing institutions have started to play more significant roles. The present volume studies one particular dimension of their increasing practice: international judicial lawmaking. It observes that in a number of fields of international law, judicial institutions have become significant actors and shape the law through adjudication. The contributions in this volume set out to capture this phenomenon in principle, in particular detail, and with regard to a number of individual institutions. Specifically, the volume asks how international judicial lawmaking scores when it comes to democratic legitimation. It formulates this question as part of the broader quest for legitimate global governance and places it within the context of the research project on the exercise of international public authority at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law.
Mesoscale Modeling in Chemical Engineering Part I
Focusing Mesoscales of Multiscale Problems in Chemical Engineering, a volume in the Advances in Chemical Engineering series provides readers with the personal views of recognized authorities who present assessments of the state-of-the-art in the field and help readers develop an understanding of its further evolution. Subjects covered in the book are not limited to the classical chemical engineering disciplines. Contributions connecting chemical engineering to related scientific fields, either providing a fundamental basis or introducing new concepts and tools, are encouraged. This volume aims to create a balance between well developed areas such as process industry, transformation of materials, energy, and environmental issues, and areas where applications of chemical engineering are more recent or emerging. - Contains reviews by leading authorities in their respective areas - Provides up-to-date reviews of the latest techniques in the modeling of catalytic processes - Includes a broad mix of US and European authors, as well as academic/industrial/research institute perspectives - Provides discussions on the connections between computation and experimental methods
Vibrational Spectroscopy at Electrified Interfaces
Reviews the latest theory, techniques, and applications Surface vibrational spectroscopy techniques probe the structure and composition of interfaces at the molecular level. Their versatility, coupled with their non-destructive nature, enables in-situ measurements of operating devices and the monitoring of interface-controlled processes under reactive conditions. Vibrational Spectroscopy at Electrified Interfaces explores new and emerging applications of Raman, infrared, and non-linear optical spectroscopy for the study of charged interfaces. The book draws from hundreds of findings reported in the literature over the past decade. It features an internationally respected team of authors and ...
Human Rights in Development, Volume 7
The present edition of the Human Rights in Development Yearbook is the thirteenth edition in this series. With this volume, the yearbook’s formal structure has shifted from that of a journal to a thematic anthology. The theme of this year’s volume is “Reparations: Redressing Past Wrongs”. The articles contained in the publication primarily stem from contributions prepared for a conference entitled “The Right to Compensation and Related Remedies for Racial Discrimination” that was hosted by the Danish Centre for Human Rights in April 2001. The conference was organised in anticipation of the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance,...
