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Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 632

Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II

The premiere two-volume reference on revelations from studying complex microbial communities in many distinct habitats Metagenomics is an emerging field that has changed the way microbiologists study microorganisms. It involves the genomic analysis of microorganisms by extraction and cloning of DNA from a group of microorganisms, or the direct use of the purified DNA or RNA for sequencing, which allows scientists to bypass the usual protocol of isolating and culturing individual microbial species. This method is now used in laboratories across the globe to study microorganism diversity and for isolating novel medical and industrial compounds. Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology is the fi...

Enzymes from Extreme Environments
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 105

Enzymes from Extreme Environments

Enzymes are nature’s biocatalysts empowered with high catalytic power and remarkable substrate specificity. Enzymes perform a wide range of functions throughout nature, and guide the biochemistry of life with great precision. The majority of enzymes perform under conditions considered normal for mesophilic, neutrophilic, terrestrial microorganisms. However, the Earth’s biosphere contains several regions that are extreme in comparison, such as hypersaline lakes and pools, hydrothermal vents, cold oceans, dry deserts and areas exposed to intensive radiation. These areas are inhabited by a large number of extremophilic microorganisms which produce enzymes capable of functioning in unusual c...

Applied Biocatalysis
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 464

Applied Biocatalysis

This reference book originates from the interdisciplinary research cooperation between academia and industry. In three distinct parts, latest results from basic research on stable enzymes are explained and brought into context with possible industrial applications. Downstream processing technology as well as biocatalytic and biotechnological production processes from global players display the enormous potential of biocatalysts. Application of "extreme" reaction conditions (i.e. unconventional, such as high temperature, pressure, and pH value) - biocatalysts are normally used within a well defined process window - leads to novel synthetic effects. Both novel enzyme systems and the synthetic routes in which they can be applied are made accessible to the reader. In addition, the complementary innovative process technology under unconventional conditions is highlighted by latest examples from biotech industry.

Environmental Signal Processing and Adaptation
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 292

Environmental Signal Processing and Adaptation

Animals and plants live in changing environmental conditions which require adaptation in order to cope with this. Some of these environmental changes serve as signals which have to be "sensed" and interpreted correctly by the organisms to initiate the adaptation. This signal processing is based on biochemical, molecular and neuronal processes which are discussed in this book. All examples given underline that continuous adjustment of physiological functions is an essential requirement for life and survival in complex changing environments.

Biohydrometallurgical Processes
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 373

Biohydrometallurgical Processes

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2023-12-06
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  • Publisher: CRC Press

Extensive industrialization has led to an increased release of toxic metals into the soil and air. Industrial waste can include mine overburden, bauxite residue, and E waste, and these can serve as a source of valuable recoverable metals. There are relatively simple methods to recycle these wastes, but they require additional chemicals, are expensive, and generate secondary waste that causes environmental pollution. Biohydrometallurgical processing is a cost-effective and ecofriendly alternative where biological processes help conserve dwindling ore resources and extract metals in a nonpolluting way. Microbes can be used in metal extraction from primary ores, waste minerals, and industrial a...

Emerging Concepts in Bacterial Biofilms
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 382

Emerging Concepts in Bacterial Biofilms

The ability to form biofilms is a universal attribute of bacteria. Bacteria are able to grow on almost every surface, forming these architecturally complex communities. In biofilms, the cells grow in multicellular aggregates, encased in an extracellular matrix produced by the bacteria themselves. They impact humans in many ways, and can form in natural, medical and industrial settings. For example, the formation of biofilms on medical devices such as catheters or implants often results in difficult-to-treat chronic infections. This book focuses on emerging concepts in bacterial biofilm research, such as the different mechanisms of biofilm formation in Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, and the burden of biofilm associated infections. It also highlights the various anti-biofilm strategies that can be translated to curb biofilm-associated infections and the escalation of antimicrobial resistance determinants.

Biological Fixation of Nitrogen for Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 321

Biological Fixation of Nitrogen for Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) - the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia - is one of the most important reactions in ecology and agriculture. It is performed exclusively by microbes (prokaryotes) that live in symbiosis with plants. This book summarizes the latest research on this reaction, the participating microbes and the genetics of how their relevant genes could be transferred into the plants. In the light of a more sustainable and less ecologically damaging agriculture, this is becoming an increasingly pressing issue.

Molecular Approaches to Soil, Rhizosphere and Plant Microorganism Analysis
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 309

Molecular Approaches to Soil, Rhizosphere and Plant Microorganism Analysis

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2006
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  • Publisher: CABI

Plants have evolved both general and highly specialized defence mechanisms that function to prevent diseases caused by the majority of microbial pathogens they encounter. Highly specialized defence is governed by specific interactions between pathogen avr (avirulence) genes' loci and alleles of the corresponding plant disease resistance (R) loci. These defences can be very dynamic as microbes from the same species can act differently in their co-evolution with the specific host plant, which in turn has similarly evolved its response to external threats. There have been major developments in the field of plant-microbe interactions in recent years, due to newly developed techniques and the ava...

The Virus and the Host
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 290

The Virus and the Host

Learn how to take control of your health—and decrease susceptibility to infectious viral disease before it strikes. There will almost certainly be more pandemics in our future. Yet, during the coronavirus crisis, not a single major public health official took the simple step of telling Americans what we all need to hear: Robust good health—healthy immunity, low inflammation, low toxic burden, and freedom from stealth infection and chronic disease—is our best defense against infectious viral disease. Of course, it’s not that simple. The way our bodies interact with infectious disease is complicated—both a function of the “germ” and the “terrain”—the virus and the host. In ...