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Letting Girls Learn
This paper analyzes the benefits from female education (who gains and in what ways) and the constraints (direct and opportunity costs, reflecting economics and tradition). It then outlines promising approaches for increasing female education. The demand for female education can be strengthened gradually through economic and sectoral policies that increase the returns. But, this paper focuses on education policies, many of which could be adopted now, to lower the costs, improve the quality, and increase access to education in ways that will allow more girls to attend school. It reports evidence of effectiveness and gives examples, particularly from projects involving the World Bank. Especially in poor countries, projects succeed best when they include a "package approach" to address what are typically multiple and powerful constraints to female education. The paper calls for increased monitoring and testing the cost-effectiveness of the kind of innovative packages now being tried in several developing countries.
The Information Technology Revolution and Economic Development
Information is a major development resource, joining the ranks with human, natural and financial resources. Therefore, development agencies must understand the role of information and information technologies (informatics) in the developing countries to respond to a rapidly evolving global environment. The ongoing information explosion in the industrialized economies contrasts sharply with the information poverty of developing countries. This poverty takes many forms, including poor information support for macroeconomic and sectoral policy formulation and implementation, limited access to information for rural populations, and isolation of researchers and professionals from international res...
Privatization
Governance, as defined by the World Bank in its 1992 report, Governance and Development, is the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development. The report deemed it is within the Bank's mandate to focus on the following: -the process by which authority is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources -the capacity of governments to design, formulate, and implement policies and discharge functions. Also available: Governance: The World Bank's Experience (ISBN 0-8213-2804-2) Stock No. 12804.
Credit, Currency or Derivatives
Contains original papers that examine various issues concerning the role, the structure and functioning of credit, currency and derivatives instruments and markets as they relate to financial crises. This title stresses the importance of the inter-linkages of these instruments and markets in promoting or hindering financial stability or crises.
La Dette Extérieure
The practical importance of the subject of 'The External Debt' in contemporary international life goes without saying. On the analytical level, the interest and indeed the difficulty of the subject lies in the need for a multidisciplinary approach, where political, financial and legal aspects are closely linked and require a clear understanding. From the purely legal point of view, the traditional and largely artificial boundaries between private and public law, between private international law and public international law and even, more generally, between municipal and international law are clearly marked here. In this respect any analyst has to be a complete jurist, and this collection of essays (in English and French) is an illustration of this fact.
Enterprise Reform and Privatization in Socialist Economies
State-owned enterprises were the dominant players in socialist economies during the past four decades. Yet most such governments had become dissatisfied with these enterprises over time. Among the main problems were: -- Inefficiencies of production methods -- Stagnating production rates -- Poor quality of the items produced -- High pollution rates -- Lack of technological innovation This report review the attempts of seven socialist countries to reform their state-owned enterprises -- Algeria, China, Hungary, Laos, Mozambique, Poland, and Yugoslavia. The report assesses the experience of these countries to date and forecasts future prospects for reform. Through their analysis, the augthors provide guidance for other socialist countries seeking to open their economies.
Empirical Methods in International Trade
Internationalization of the world economy has made trade a key factor in the growth potential of nearly every economy. Hence, economists have become increasingly interested in the determinants of international trade and competitiveness. Empirical Models i
