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ECHELON ECHELON is a term associated with a global network of computers that automatically search through millions of intercepted messages for pre-programmed keywords or fax, telex and e-mail addresses. Every word of every message in the frequencies and channels selected at a station is automatically searched. The processors in the network are known as the ECHELON Dictionaries. ECHELON connects all these computers and allows the individual stations to function as distributed elements an integrated system. An ECHELON station's Dictionary contains not only its parent agency's chosen keywords, but also lists for each of the other four agencies in the UKUSA system [NSA, GCHQ, DSD, GCSB and CSE] Somebody's listening . . . and they don't give a damn about personal privacy or commercial confidence.
Between 1945 and 1991, tension between the USA, its allies, and a group of nations led by the USSR, dominated world politics. This period was called the Cold War – a conflict that stopped short to a full-blown war. Benefiting from the recent research of newly open archives, the Encyclopedia of the Cold War discusses how this state of perpetual tensions arose, developed, and was resolved. This work examines the military, economic, diplomatic, and political evolution of the conflict as well as its impact on the different regions and cultures of the world. Using a unique geopolitical approach that will present Russian perspectives and others, the work covers all aspects of the Cold War, from communism to nuclear escalation and from UFOs to red diaper babies, highlighting its vast-ranging and lasting impact on international relations as well as on daily life. Although the work will focus on the 1945–1991 period, it will explore the roots of the conflict, starting with the formation of the Soviet state, and its legacy to the present day.
Acclaimed journalist Talbott tells the story of humankinds struggle to band together for protection and profit--and the urgent need for a new birth of American leadership to meet the looming threats of terror, climate change, and nuclear catastrophe.
Comprising mostly original essays, this book offers challenging reassessments of some of the most important and controversial themes in Polish history from 1900 until the present. In analysing Poland's triumphs and tribulations with an informed and searching eye, the author achieves a high level of intellectual coherence and nuanced historical perspectives. The overall result is a major contribution to a field of study which has gained even more significance and scholarly impetus since the collapse of Communism in Poland in 1989/90.
Pierwsza pełna biografia Wisławy Szymborskiej Wisława Szymborska nie była zachwycona, kiedy dowiedziała się, że Anna Bikont i Joanna Szczęsna piszą o niej książkę. Unikała opowieści o swoim życiu prywatnym, uważając zwierzenia osobiste za coś niestosownego. Autorkom udało się jednak namówić ją na spotkanie, które przerodziło się w niezwykle osobistą podróż, odkrywającą nawet przed nią samą wiele zaskakujących faktów i historii rodzinnych. W cyklu rozmów Poetka w niepowtarzalny i zabawny sposób komentowała etapy swego życia i meandry twórczości. Jej opowieść uzupełniają tutaj wspomnienia przyjaciół oraz subtelne interpretacje wierszy i felietonó...
This biographical dictionary contains 10,000 biographies supplemented with 2,000 quotations chosen to reveal what major figures thought about themselves and what others thought about them. It also contains 800 reading lists to guide readers through the biographies and memoirs.
First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
This book provides a multinational history of German reunification based on empirical work by leading scholars. The reunification of Germany in 1989-90 was one of the most unexpected and momentous events of the twentieth century. Embedded within the wider process of the end of the Cold War, it contributed decisively to the dramatic changes that followed: the end of the division of Europe, the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, the origins of NATO’s eastward expansion and, not least, the creation of the European Union. Based on the wealth of evidence that has become available from many countries involved, and relying on the most recent historiography, this collection takes into account the comple...
In a brilliantly-conceived book, Jeremi Suri puts the tumultuous 1960s into a truly international perspective in the first study to examine the connections between great power diplomacy and global social protest. Profoundly disturbed by increasing social and political discontent, Cold War powers united on the international front, in the policy of detente. Though reflecting traditional balance of power considerations, detente thus also developed from a common urge for stability among leaders who by the late 1960s were worried about increasingly threatening domestic social activism. In the early part of the decade, Cold War pressures simultaneously inspired activists and constrained leaders; w...