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The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese
Through acoustic analysis of Mandarin Chinese intonation, the author finds that the intonation baseline moves up when intonation is shifted from assertive to interrogative; therefore, two baselines and two intonation layers must be reckoned with. Sentence intonation affects the tonal values and the tonal shapes of intrinsic lexical tones, though not beyond recognition. Tonal changes prove to be closely related to sentence intonation, which is superimposed simultaneously onto the utterance as a whole. The author's findings support the position of the movability of the intonation baseline and rectify some widely spread traditional claims concerning Mandarin Chinese prosody.
Central Hill Nisenan Texts with Grammatical Sketch
Central Hill Nisenan was spoken in the hills northeast of Sacramento, California, but like many other California languages, it is no longer spoken. This monograph includes texts recorded by the late Richard Smith, a brief description of the language (with chapters on phonology, morphology, and syntax), and a short word list.
Ordered Chaos
This work presents a model for novel compound interpretation using Cognitive Grammar and schema theory. The model, based on analysis of established compounds and responses to novel compounds, claims that speakers try using real-world schemas attached to both element nouns to construct a relationship between them by matching already established patterns. When this is impossible, speakers often "metaphorize" the head noun.
Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) Morphosyntax
This volume describes aspects of word- and sentence-formation in Nuuchahnulth (formerly known as Nootka), a language spoken on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Aspects included are polysynthetic word formation, word classes, and clause structure. The morphosyntactic regularities are examined in the context of general structural characteristics of the language in an attempt to contribute to the language an internally and typologically accurate understanding of Nuuchahnulth morphosyntactic structures.
Context and the Lexicon in the Development of Russian Aspect
This study advances a new approach to the history of Russian aspect, integrating recent work on aspectology with contemporary theories of language changes and development. Using data from five Old Russian texts, the author traces the development of the aspectual opposition from its early lexical roots to the sixteenth century, when contextual and discourse concerns came to the fore.
Ergativity in Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algya̲x)
00 This work examines the morphological and syntactic dimensions of ergativity (i.e., an intransitive subject is treated in the same manner as a transitive object and differently from the transitive subject) in Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax). This language is very highly morphologically ergative and the distribution of ergativity is conditioned by several different factors that are related through their coding of transitivity. Syntactically, the language is not highly ergative, but none of the cross-linguistic definitions of subject can account for the ergativity that does exist. This work examines the morphological and syntactic dimensions of ergativity (i.e., an intransitive subject is treated in the same manner as a transitive object and differently from the transitive subject) in Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax). This language is very highly morphologically ergative and the distribution of ergativity is conditioned by several different factors that are related through their coding of transitivity. Syntactically, the language is not highly ergative, but none of the cross-linguistic definitions of subject can account for the ergativity that does exist.
Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic (Proto-Afrasian)
This work provides the first truly comprehensive and systematic reconstruction of proto-Afroasiatic (proto-Afrasian). It rigorously applies, throughout, the established canon and techniques of the historical-comparative method. It also fully incorporates the most up-to-date evidence from the distinctive African branches of the family, Cushitic, Chadic, and Omotic. Using concrete and specific evidence and argument, the author proposes full vowel and consonant reconstructions and a provisional reckoning of tone. Each aspect of these reconstructions is substantiated in detail in an extensive etymological vocabulary of more than 1000 roots. The results, while confirming some previous views on proto-Afroasiatic (proto-Afrasian), revise or overturn many others, and add much that is new.
A Grammar of Chalcatongo Mixtec
This is the first comprehensive grammar of any variety of Mixtec written for linguists. It provides theoretically informed (generative) description and analysis of the phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexical semantics of this dialect, situated in the broader context of Mixtecan and Otomanguean languages. Texts and a lexicon (Mixtec-English/English-Mixtec, 1,500 words) are included as well.
Language History and Linguistic Modelling
This work presents a collection of some 130 contributions covering a wide range of topics of interest to historical, theoretical and applied linguistics alike. A major theme is the development of English which is examined on several levels in the light of recent linguistic theory in various papers. The geographical dimension is also treated extensively with papers on controversial aspects of a variety of studies, as are topical linguistic matters from a more general perspective.
