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This book introduces characterizations of hyperordered structures using latest quantum beam technologies, the advanced theoretical methods for understanding the roles of the structures, and the state-of-the-arts materials containing the structures. In this book, the authors focus on the importance of defect complexes to improve functionality of crystals and that of orders of network structures to improve functionality of glass materials. These features can be regarded as interphases between perfect crystals and perfect amorphous, and they are the key factor for the evolution of materials science to a new dimension. The authors call such interphases "hyperordered structures" in this book. This is the first book that comprehensively summarizes glass science, defect science, and quantum beam science. It is valuable not only for active researchers in industry and academia but also graduate students.
In order to avoid late-stage drug failure due to factors such as undesirable metabolic instability, toxic metabolites, drug-drug interactions, and polymorphic metabolism, an enormous amount of effort has been expended by both the pharmaceutical industry and academia towards developing more powerful techniques and screening assays to identify the metabolic profiles and enzymes involved in drug metabolism. This book presents some in-depth reviews of selected topics in drug metabolism. Among the key topics covered are: the interplay between drug transport and metabolism in oral bioavailability; the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on drug metabolism; impact of disease on transport and metabolism; and the use of novel microdosing techniques and novel LC/MS and genomic technologies to predict the metabolic parameters and profiles of potential new drug candidates.
The physics of neutrinos has acquired a rapidly increasing role within the realm of particle physics. Recognized as an elusive particle since the prediction of its existence by Pauli and its incorporation into particle theory by Fermi in the early thirties, the neutrino was first observed some twenty years later by Reines and Cowan. Experiments carried out by Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger et al. first revealed the existence of several species of neutrinos. By now, neutrino physics has matured to the point where detailed properties of neutrinos and their mixing can be studied by a number of experiments carried out in various high energy laboratories. Such experiments are relevant not only from viewpoint of understanding the properties of elementary particles, but also the early history of the Universe.This volume discusses the most recent experimental and theoretical results in that exciting area of particle physics.
For contemporary societies, data mining has emerged as a serious challenge. Thanks to more advanced analytical tools, the Big Data explosion has enabled businesses to assess their performance more thoroughly and accurately. For example, transitioning from using a basic spreadsheet to using data lake modeling offers more flexibility in terms of consulting and summarizing vast amounts of data from many business angles. Data mining, which is the foundation for this optimization of data analysis, has been strengthened by artificial intelligence and machine learning to find patterns in this deluge of data and build future prediction models, turning it into a critical tool for decision-making. This book provides an understanding of the most modern techniques and uses for data mining. It examines data mining in order to classify datasets, predict outcomes, and optimize analyses. Furthermore, the book demonstrates these technological developments by highlighting relevant applications of data mining in industry, biology, education, medicine, and health.
This volume is devoted to a wide variety of investigations, both in theory and experiment, of particle physics such as electroweak theory, fundamental symmetries, tests of the Standard Model and beyond, neutrino and astroparticle physics, heavy quark physics, non-perturbative QCD, quantum gravity effects, and present and future accelerator physics.
This Symposium provided the opportunity to review progress after more than 10 years of research and development in the field of natural gas conversion. Oxidative coupling of methane as a route to higher value fuels or feedstock was a major part of the program. The advances in understanding of reaction mechanisms and catalyst structure were discussed in a Plenary paper and in many of the contributed papers.The homogeneous gas phase chemistry involved in methane oxidation is relevant not only to oxidative coupling but also to synthesis gas and methanol production via partial oxidation. This field is reviewed in a Plenary paper and contributed papers describe developments in catalysts and techn...
Though the deep interior of the Earth (and other terrestrial planets) is inaccessible to humans, we are able to combine observational, experimental and computational (theoretical) studies to begin to understand the role of the deep Earth in the dynamics and evolution of the planet. This book brings together a series of reviews of key areas in this important and vibrant field of studies. A range of material properties, including phase transformations and rheological properties, influences the way in which material is circulated within the planet. This circulation re-distributes key materials such as volatiles that affect the pattern of materials circulation. The understanding of deep Earth structure and dynamics is a key to the understanding of evolution and dynamics of terrestrial planets, including planets orbiting other stars. This book contains chapters on deep Earth materials, compositional models, and geophysical studies of material circulation which together provide an invaluable synthesis of deep Earth research. Readership: advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers in geophysics, mineral physics and geochemistry.
Established in 1960, Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry is the definitive serial in the area-one of great importance to organic chemists, polymer chemists, and many biological scientists. Written by established authorities in the field, the comprehensive reviews combine descriptive chemistry and mechanistic insight and yield an understanding of how the chemistry drives the properties.