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The main aim of this book is to assess the importance of international rules for foreign direct investment and the major challenges to international harmonization of those rules. Particular attention is paid to the most controversial and contentious issues with the view of appraising the prospects for establishing global rules. The book is divided into three parts; the first part includes papers assessing the role of national and international legislation with further distinction being made between bilateral, regional and multilateral legal frameworks. The second part addresses regulatory issues of technology transfer, labor, environment, subsidies and investment incentives, national security, public services and sovereign wealth funds. The final part looks at the experience of some international fora in addressing these issues and at some theoretical and conceptual problems of rule harmonization. The papers have been written by legal and economic scholars from leading universities.
Transition from central planning to a market economy, involving large-scale institutional change and reforms at all levels, is often described as the greatest social science experiment in modern times. As more than two decades have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is now an excellent time to take stock of how the transition process has turned out for the economies that have moved on from socialism and the command economy. This new handbook assembles a team of leading experts, many of whom were closely involved in the transition process as policymakers and policy advisors, to explore the major themes that have characterized the transition proce...
Volatility in emerging markets has become a familiar problem in the cases of Latin America and Asia; the same phenomenon in the new market economies of Eastern Europe -- the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary -- is of newer vintage. This book explores the patterns and problems of capital inflows in the Central European economies in a global context, highlighting the critical importance of transparency and prudent regulatory regimes in economic development.
TheInternationalConferenceTSD 2005,the8theventin theseriesonText,Speech,and Dialogue, which originated in 1998, presented state-of-the-art technology and recent achievements in the ?eld of natural language processing. It declared its intent to be an interdisciplinary forum, intertwining research in speech and language processing with its applications in everyday practice. We feel that the mixture of different approaches and applications offered a great opportunity to get acquainted with the current act- ities in all aspects of language communication and to witness the amazing vitality of researchers from developing countries too. The ?nancial support of the ISCA (Inter- tional Speech Communi...
This is the seventeenth volume in an annual series in which leading economists provide a concise and accessible evaluation of major developments in trade and trade policy. Examines key issues pertinent to the multinational trading system, as well as regional trade arrangements and policy developments at the national level Provides up-to-date assessments of the World Trade Organization's current Trade Policy Reviews A vital resource for researchers, analysts and policy-advisors interested in trade policy and other open economy issues Analyses global trade policy in Turkey, China and The Dominican Republic, and a survey by Tarlok Singh questions whether international trade does cause economic growth Includes chapters exploring WTO issues, and a section on regional trading agreements
The book sheds light on trade policies of developing economies that joined the multilateral trading system after establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, once known as the recently acceded members (RAMs). Its detailed case studies on Georgia, the People’s Republic of China, Viet Nam and Ecuador examine their engagement in accession and Doha Round negotiations and, where relevant, dispute settlement at the WTO. Using the economic theories of trade agreements and negotiations as a guide for intellectual inquiries, this book assesses motivations accounting for the RAMs’ evolving behaviors in the multilateral trading system. The first two chapters present background and overview, followed by four chapters on country-specific case studies. The book is concluded with the last chapter that provides one possible explanation of why the Doha Round has been faced with deadlocks while accession and dispute settlement have been working effectively.
The 9/11 attacks, the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, and the oil boom of recent years have greatly increased the strategic importance of resource-rich Central Asia, making an understanding of its economic--and therefore political--prospects more important than ever. In The Central Asian Economies Since Independence, Richard Pomfret provides a concise and up-to-date analysis of the huge changes undergone by the economies of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The book assesses the economic prospects of each country, and the likelihood that economic conditions will spur major political changes. With independen...
This timely volume deals with Turkey's etatist policy and foreign relations in the early years after the fall of the Ottoman empire. It elucidates the symbiotic relationship between Turkey's internal developments and its international strategies, filling a gap in modern Turkish history by systematically researching an era which is practically untouched. The first part of the book examines the theory and politics of etatism, while the second part, on Turkish diplomacy of the interwar period, is especially important for diplomatic historians.
This book deals with exchange rate arrangements and exchange rate policies. Chapter 2 classifies exchange rates into flexible, intermediate and rigid arrangements. The book is subdivided into an arrangement of free float, managed float, pegged but adjustable, target zone, crawling peg, hard peg, currency board, dollarisation, and monetary union. This chapter also discusses hypothesis of vanishing intermediate exchange rate arrangements as well as it deals with differentiation between de jure, and de facto exchange rate arrangements. Chapter 3 deals with the issue of choosing an appropriate exchange rate arrangement. The book briefly characterises basic approaches of how to choose an exchange...
One of the characteristic facts concerning the “catching-up countries” is the exceptionally large variation in their per capita annual rate of growth, from about zero to about 10%. The papers published in this monograph show that this rate is strongly dependent on the rate of investment, the quality of the labour force and the quality of institutions. The rate of investment is, in turn, dependent on the rate of domestic savings. In Poland, domestic savings are shown to have been and continue to be very low by international standards. The trend rate of growth of about 3.7% has been about 2 pp. higher than that of the most developed economies, mainly thanks to the development of modern mar...